redisServer、redisDB与数据字典dict

关于Redis

众所周知Redis是流行的、开源的，使用C语言开发的高性能，基于内存的key/value数据库。它具有高效、精心设计的底层数据结构，同时支持多种数据类型(string、list、set、zset、hash、bitmap、geo、hyperloglog等)，让其能够拥有100K+/s的读写性能。正是由于这些优势让它在众多数据库中脱颖而出，支撑着众多互联网公司的海量业务。
那么你有没有想过，它的底层是如何运作的？本文从RedisServer的底层结构入手，并通过追溯Set指令操作过程与key的过期时间窥探一下运行原理。

本文探讨的原理及源码均基于Redis官方 v7.0 版本

redisServer、redisDB与数据字典dict

Redis服务是常见的c/s架构设计，即：Redis client客户端通过与Redis Server服务端建立连接后对存储在Redis Server端的数据进行操作。Redis Server作为一个单独的进程运行在计算机上，其对数据进行操作的工作线程为单线程，减少了锁开销以及上下文的切换。
在Redis Server进程内部有一个全局变量redisServer，存储着当前Redis Server的所有数据库、key/value数据以及其他众多信息，在Redis Server完全启动并对外服务之前对其进行初始化、赋予默认值等操作，它是运行时的一个重要数据入口。

从上图可知，Redis Server默认共拥有(0-15,自定义最大为0-255)16个数据库(redisDB)，每个数据库包含有若干数据字典(dict)，每个数据字典存储不同意义的数据。 例如：redisDb.dict 是存储当前数据库所有key/value的keyspace，redisDb.expires 是存储当前数据库所有设置了过期时间的keyspace。

查询数据时从数据字典 redisDb.dict 中获取，判断/获取key的过期时间等操作时从数据字典 redisDb.expires 中获取。每个数据字典存储数据时，考虑扩容等因素会有用2个 ht_table，在未扩容时数据全部存储在 ht_table[0]，否则可能在 ht_table[0]与ht_table[1] 都存有数据，ht_table 使用 bucket+链表(不同key在经过hash计算之后发生碰撞，会存储在同一个bucket的链表中)的形式存储具体的key/value。

redisServer、redisDb、dict结构体如下所示：

// 代码位置： src/server.c
// 全部变量，整个 Redis Server 所有重要数据的入口
/* Global vars */
struct redisServer server; /* Server global state */


// 文件位置： src/server.h
struct redisServer {
    /* General */
    pid_t pid;                  /* Main process pid. */
    pthread_t main_thread_id;         /* Main thread id */
    char *configfile;           /* Absolute config file path, or NULL */
    char *executable;           /* 绝对可执行文件路径 Absolute executable file path. */
    char **exec_argv;           /* Executable argv vector (copy). */
    int dynamic_hz;             /* Change hz value depending on # of clients. */
    int config_hz;              /* Configured HZ value. May be different than
                                   the actual 'hz' field value if dynamic-hz
                                   is enabled. */
    mode_t umask;               /* The umask value of the process on startup */
    int hz;                     /* serverCron() calls frequency in hertz */
    int in_fork_child;          /* indication that this is a fork child */
    redisDb *db;                /* ！数据库数组，包含多个数据库 */
    dict *commands;             /* 命令字典 Command table */
    dict *orig_commands;        /* 命令重命名前的命令表 Command table before command renaming. */
    aeEventLoop *el;
    rax *errors;                /* Errors table */
    redisAtomic unsigned int lruclock; /* Clock for LRU eviction */
    volatile sig_atomic_t shutdown_asap; /* Shutdown ordered by signal handler. */
    mstime_t shutdown_mstime;   /* Timestamp to limit graceful shutdown. */
    int last_sig_received;      /* Indicates the last SIGNAL received, if any (e.g., SIGINT or SIGTERM). */
    int shutdown_flags;         /* Flags passed to prepareForShutdown(). */
    int activerehashing;        /* Incremental rehash in serverCron() */
    int active_defrag_running;  /* Active defragmentation running (holds current scan aggressiveness) */
    char *pidfile;              /* PID file path */
    int arch_bits;              /* 32 or 64 depending on sizeof(long) */
    int cronloops;              /* Number of times the cron function run */
    char runid[CONFIG_RUN_ID_SIZE+1];  /* ID always different at every exec. */
    int sentinel_mode;          /* True if this instance is a Sentinel. */
    size_t initial_memory_usage; /* Bytes used after initialization. */
    int always_show_logo;       /* Show logo even for non-stdout logging. */
    int in_exec;                /* Are we inside EXEC? */
    int busy_module_yield_flags;         /* Are we inside a busy module? (triggered by RM_Yield). see BUSY_MODULE_YIELD_ flags. */
    const char *busy_module_yield_reply; /* When non-null, we are inside RM_Yield. */
    int core_propagates;        /* Is the core (in oppose to the module subsystem) is in charge of calling propagatePendingCommands? */
    int propagate_no_multi;     /* True if propagatePendingCommands should avoid wrapping command in MULTI/EXEC */
    int module_ctx_nesting;     /* moduleCreateContext() nesting level */
    char *ignore_warnings;      /* Config: warnings that should be ignored. */
    int client_pause_in_transaction; /* Was a client pause executed during this Exec? */
    int thp_enabled;                 /* If true, THP is enabled. */
    size_t page_size;                /* The page size of OS. */

    /* Modules */
    dict *moduleapi;            /* Exported core APIs dictionary for modules. */
    dict *sharedapi;            /* Like moduleapi but containing the APIs that
                                   modules share with each other. */
    dict *module_configs_queue; /* Dict that stores module configurations from .conf file until after modules are loaded during startup or arguments to loadex. */
    list *loadmodule_queue;     /* List of modules to load at startup. */
    int module_pipe[2];         /* Pipe used to awake the event loop by module threads. */
    pid_t child_pid;            /* PID of current child */
    int child_type;             /* Type of current child */

    /* Networking */
    int port;                   /* TCP监听的端口号 TCP listening port */
    int tls_port;               /* TLS listening port */
    int tcp_backlog;            /* TCP listen() backlog */
    char *bindaddr[CONFIG_BINDADDR_MAX]; /* 绑定的地址数组 Addresses we should bind to */
    int bindaddr_count;         /* Number of addresses in server.bindaddr[] */
    char *bind_source_addr;     /* Source address to bind on for outgoing connections */
    char *unixsocket;           /* UNIX socket path */
    unsigned int unixsocketperm; /* UNIX socket permission (see mode_t) */
    socketFds ipfd;             /* TCP socket file descriptors */
    socketFds tlsfd;            /* TLS socket file descriptors */
    int sofd;                   /* Unix socket file descriptor */
    uint32_t socket_mark_id;    /* ID for listen socket marking */
    socketFds cfd;              /* Cluster bus listening socket */
    list *clients;              /* List of active clients */
    list *clients_to_close;     /* Clients to close asynchronously */
    list *clients_pending_write; /* There is to write or install handler. */
    list *clients_pending_read;  /* Client has pending read socket buffers. */
    list *slaves, *monitors;    /* List of slaves and MONITORs */
    client *current_client;     /* Current client executing the command. */

    /* Stuff for client mem eviction */
    clientMemUsageBucket* client_mem_usage_buckets;

    rax *clients_timeout_table; /* Radix tree for blocked clients timeouts. */
    long fixed_time_expire;     /* If > 0, expire keys against server.mstime. */
    int in_nested_call;         /* If > 0, in a nested call of a call */
    rax *clients_index;         /* Active clients dictionary by client ID. */
    pause_type client_pause_type;      /* True if clients are currently paused */
    list *postponed_clients;       /* List of postponed clients */
    mstime_t client_pause_end_time;    /* Time when we undo clients_paused */
    pause_event *client_pause_per_purpose[NUM_PAUSE_PURPOSES];
    char neterr[ANET_ERR_LEN];   /* Error buffer for anet.c */
    dict *migrate_cached_sockets;/* MIGRATE cached sockets */
    redisAtomic uint64_t next_client_id; /* Next client unique ID. Incremental. */
    int protected_mode;         /* Don't accept external connections. */
    int io_threads_num;         /* Number of IO threads to use. */
    int io_threads_do_reads;    /* Read and parse from IO threads? */
    int io_threads_active;      /* Is IO threads currently active? */
    long long events_processed_while_blocked; /* processEventsWhileBlocked() */
    int enable_protected_configs;    /* Enable the modification of protected configs, see PROTECTED_ACTION_ALLOWED_* */
    int enable_debug_cmd;            /* Enable DEBUG commands, see PROTECTED_ACTION_ALLOWED_* */
    int enable_module_cmd;           /* Enable MODULE commands, see PROTECTED_ACTION_ALLOWED_* */

    /* RDB / AOF loading information */
    volatile sig_atomic_t loading; /* We are loading data from disk if true */
    volatile sig_atomic_t async_loading; /* We are loading data without blocking the db being served */
    off_t loading_total_bytes;
    off_t loading_rdb_used_mem;
    off_t loading_loaded_bytes;
    time_t loading_start_time;
    off_t loading_process_events_interval_bytes;

    /* Fields used only for stats */
    time_t stat_starttime;          /* Server start time */
    long long stat_numcommands;     /* Number of processed commands */
    long long stat_numconnections;  /* Number of connections received */
    long long stat_expiredkeys;     /* Number of expired keys */
    double stat_expired_stale_perc; /* Percentage of keys probably expired */
    long long stat_expired_time_cap_reached_count; /* Early expire cycle stops.*/
    long long stat_expire_cycle_time_used; /* Cumulative microseconds used. */
    long long stat_evictedkeys;     /* Number of evicted keys (maxmemory) */
    long long stat_evictedclients;  /* Number of evicted clients */
    long long stat_total_eviction_exceeded_time;  /* Total time over the memory limit, unit us */
    monotime stat_last_eviction_exceeded_time;  /* Timestamp of current eviction start, unit us */
    long long stat_keyspace_hits;   /* Number of successful lookups of keys */
    long long stat_keyspace_misses; /* Number of failed lookups of keys */
    long long stat_active_defrag_hits;      /* number of allocations moved */
    long long stat_active_defrag_misses;    /* number of allocations scanned but not moved */
    long long stat_active_defrag_key_hits;  /* number of keys with moved allocations */
    long long stat_active_defrag_key_misses;/* number of keys scanned and not moved */
    long long stat_active_defrag_scanned;   /* number of dictEntries scanned */
    long long stat_total_active_defrag_time; /* Total time memory fragmentation over the limit, unit us */
    monotime stat_last_active_defrag_time; /* Timestamp of current active defrag start */
    size_t stat_peak_memory;        /* Max used memory record */
    long long stat_aof_rewrites;    /* number of aof file rewrites performed */
    long long stat_aofrw_consecutive_failures; /* The number of consecutive failures of aofrw */
    long long stat_rdb_saves;       /* number of rdb saves performed */
    long long stat_fork_time;       /* Time needed to perform latest fork() */
    double stat_fork_rate;          /* Fork rate in GB/sec. */
    long long stat_total_forks;     /* Total count of fork. */
    long long stat_rejected_conn;   /* Clients rejected because of maxclients */
    long long stat_sync_full;       /* Number of full resyncs with slaves. */
    long long stat_sync_partial_ok; /* Number of accepted PSYNC requests. */
    long long stat_sync_partial_err;/* Number of unaccepted PSYNC requests. */
    list *slowlog;                  /* SLOWLOG list of commands */
    long long slowlog_entry_id;     /* SLOWLOG current entry ID */
    long long slowlog_log_slower_than; /* SLOWLOG time limit (to get logged) */
    unsigned long slowlog_max_len;     /* SLOWLOG max number of items logged */
    struct malloc_stats cron_malloc_stats; /* sampled in serverCron(). */
    redisAtomic long long stat_net_input_bytes; /* Bytes read from network. */
    redisAtomic long long stat_net_output_bytes; /* Bytes written to network. */
    redisAtomic long long stat_net_repl_input_bytes; /* Bytes read during replication, added to stat_net_input_bytes in 'info'. */
    redisAtomic long long stat_net_repl_output_bytes; /* Bytes written during replication, added to stat_net_output_bytes in 'info'. */
    size_t stat_current_cow_peak;   /* Peak size of copy on write bytes. */
    size_t stat_current_cow_bytes;  /* Copy on write bytes while child is active. */
    monotime stat_current_cow_updated;  /* Last update time of stat_current_cow_bytes */
    size_t stat_current_save_keys_processed;  /* Processed keys while child is active. */
    size_t stat_current_save_keys_total;  /* Number of keys when child started. */
    size_t stat_rdb_cow_bytes;      /* Copy on write bytes during RDB saving. */
    size_t stat_aof_cow_bytes;      /* Copy on write bytes during AOF rewrite. */
    size_t stat_module_cow_bytes;   /* Copy on write bytes during module fork. */
    double stat_module_progress;   /* Module save progress. */
    size_t stat_clients_type_memory[CLIENT_TYPE_COUNT];/* Mem usage by type */
    size_t stat_cluster_links_memory; /* Mem usage by cluster links */
    long long stat_unexpected_error_replies; /* Number of unexpected (aof-loading, replica to master, etc.) error replies */
    long long stat_total_error_replies; /* Total number of issued error replies ( command + rejected errors ) */
    long long stat_dump_payload_sanitizations; /* Number deep dump payloads integrity validations. */
    long long stat_io_reads_processed; /* Number of read events processed by IO / Main threads */
    long long stat_io_writes_processed; /* Number of write events processed by IO / Main threads */
    redisAtomic long long stat_total_reads_processed; /* Total number of read events processed */
    redisAtomic long long stat_total_writes_processed; /* Total number of write events processed */
    /* The following two are used to track instantaneous metrics, like
     * number of operations per second, network traffic. */
    struct {
        long long last_sample_time; /* Timestamp of last sample in ms */
        long long last_sample_count;/* Count in last sample */
        long long samples[STATS_METRIC_SAMPLES];
        int idx;
    } inst_metric[STATS_METRIC_COUNT];
    long long stat_reply_buffer_shrinks; /* Total number of output buffer shrinks */
    long long stat_reply_buffer_expands; /* Total number of output buffer expands */

    /* Configuration */
    int verbosity;                  /* Loglevel in redis.conf */
    int maxidletime;                /* Client timeout in seconds */
    int tcpkeepalive;               /* Set SO_KEEPALIVE if non-zero. */
    int active_expire_enabled;      /* Can be disabled for testing purposes. */
    int active_expire_effort;       /* From 1 (default) to 10, active effort. */
    int active_defrag_enabled;
    int sanitize_dump_payload;      /* Enables deep sanitization for ziplist and listpack in RDB and RESTORE. */
    int skip_checksum_validation;   /* Disable checksum validation for RDB and RESTORE payload. */
    int jemalloc_bg_thread;         /* Enable jemalloc background thread */
    size_t active_defrag_ignore_bytes; /* minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag */
    int active_defrag_threshold_lower; /* minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag */
    int active_defrag_threshold_upper; /* maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort */
    int active_defrag_cycle_min;       /* minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage */
    int active_defrag_cycle_max;       /* maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage */
    unsigned long active_defrag_max_scan_fields; /* maximum number of fields of set/hash/zset/list to process from within the main dict scan */
    size_t client_max_querybuf_len; /* Limit for client query buffer length */
    int dbnum;                      /* 配置文件中数据库数量 Total number of configured DBs */
    int supervised;                 /* 1 if supervised, 0 otherwise. */
    int supervised_mode;            /* See SUPERVISED_* */
    int daemonize;                  /* True if running as a daemon */
    int set_proc_title;             /* True if change proc title */
    char *proc_title_template;      /* Process title template format */
    clientBufferLimitsConfig client_obuf_limits[CLIENT_TYPE_OBUF_COUNT];
    int pause_cron;                 /* Don't run cron tasks (debug) */
    int latency_tracking_enabled;   /* 1 if extended latency tracking is enabled, 0 otherwise. */
    double *latency_tracking_info_percentiles; /* Extended latency tracking info output percentile list configuration. */
    int latency_tracking_info_percentiles_len;

    /* AOF persistence aof持久化 */
    int aof_enabled;                /* AOF configuration */
    int aof_state;                  /* AOF_(ON|OFF|WAIT_REWRITE) */
    int aof_fsync;                  /* Kind of fsync() policy */
    char *aof_filename;             /* Basename of the AOF file and manifest file */
    char *aof_dirname;              /* Name of the AOF directory */
    int aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite;    /* Don't fsync if a rewrite is in prog. */
    int aof_rewrite_perc;           /* Rewrite AOF if % growth is > M and... */
    off_t aof_rewrite_min_size;     /* the AOF file is at least N bytes. */
    off_t aof_rewrite_base_size;    /* AOF size on latest startup or rewrite. */
    off_t aof_current_size;         /* AOF current size (Including BASE + INCRs). */
    off_t aof_last_incr_size;       /* The size of the latest incr AOF. */
    off_t aof_fsync_offset;         /* AOF offset which is already synced to disk. */
    int aof_flush_sleep;            /* Micros to sleep before flush. (used by tests) */
    int aof_rewrite_scheduled;      /* Rewrite once BGSAVE terminates. */
    sds aof_buf;      /* AOF buffer, written before entering the event loop */
    int aof_fd;       /* File descriptor of currently selected AOF file */
    int aof_selected_db; /* Currently selected DB in AOF */
    time_t aof_flush_postponed_start; /* UNIX time of postponed AOF flush */
    time_t aof_last_fsync;            /* UNIX time of last fsync() */
    time_t aof_rewrite_time_last;   /* Time used by last AOF rewrite run. */
    time_t aof_rewrite_time_start;  /* Current AOF rewrite start time. */
    time_t aof_cur_timestamp;       /* Current record timestamp in AOF */
    int aof_timestamp_enabled;      /* Enable record timestamp in AOF */
    int aof_lastbgrewrite_status;   /* C_OK or C_ERR */
    unsigned long aof_delayed_fsync;  /* delayed AOF fsync() counter */
    int aof_rewrite_incremental_fsync;/* fsync incrementally while aof rewriting? */
    int rdb_save_incremental_fsync;   /* fsync incrementally while rdb saving? */
    int aof_last_write_status;      /* C_OK or C_ERR */
    int aof_last_write_errno;       /* Valid if aof write/fsync status is ERR */
    int aof_load_truncated;         /* Don't stop on unexpected AOF EOF. */
    int aof_use_rdb_preamble;       /* 混合持久化 Specify base AOF to use RDB encoding on AOF rewrites. */
    redisAtomic int aof_bio_fsync_status; /* Status of AOF fsync in bio job. */
    redisAtomic int aof_bio_fsync_errno;  /* Errno of AOF fsync in bio job. */
    aofManifest *aof_manifest;       /* 用于跟踪AOFs Used to track AOFs. */
    int aof_disable_auto_gc;         /* If disable automatically deleting HISTORY type AOFs?
                                        default no. (for testings). */

    /* RDB persistence */
    long long dirty;                /* 自上次保存以来对数据库的更改 Changes to DB from the last save */
    long long dirty_before_bgsave;  /* Used to restore dirty on failed BGSAVE */
    long long rdb_last_load_keys_expired;  /* number of expired keys when loading RDB */
    long long rdb_last_load_keys_loaded;   /* number of loaded keys when loading RDB */
    struct saveparam *saveparams;   /* Save points array for RDB */
    int saveparamslen;              /* Number of saving points */
    char *rdb_filename;             /* RDB文件名称 Name of RDB file */
    int rdb_compression;            /* Use compression in RDB? */
    int rdb_checksum;               /* Use RDB checksum? */
    int rdb_del_sync_files;         /* Remove RDB files used only for SYNC if
                                       the instance does not use persistence. */
    time_t lastsave;                /* Unix time of last successful save */
    time_t lastbgsave_try;          /* Unix time of last attempted bgsave */
    time_t rdb_save_time_last;      /* Time used by last RDB save run. */
    time_t rdb_save_time_start;     /* Current RDB save start time. */
    int rdb_bgsave_scheduled;       /* BGSAVE when possible if true. */
    int rdb_child_type;             /* Type of save by active child. */
    int lastbgsave_status;          /* C_OK or C_ERR */
    int stop_writes_on_bgsave_err;  /* Don't allow writes if can't BGSAVE */
    int rdb_pipe_read;              /* RDB pipe used to transfer the rdb data */
                                    /* to the parent process in diskless repl. */
    int rdb_child_exit_pipe;        /* Used by the diskless parent allow child exit. */
    connection **rdb_pipe_conns;    /* Connections which are currently the */
    int rdb_pipe_numconns;          /* target of diskless rdb fork child. */
    int rdb_pipe_numconns_writing;  /* Number of rdb conns with pending writes. */
    char *rdb_pipe_buff;            /* In diskless replication, this buffer holds data */
    int rdb_pipe_bufflen;           /* that was read from the rdb pipe. */
    int rdb_key_save_delay;         /* Delay in microseconds between keys while
                                     * writing the RDB. (for testings). negative
                                     * value means fractions of microseconds (on average). */
    int key_load_delay;             /* Delay in microseconds between keys while
                                     * loading aof or rdb. (for testings). negative
                                     * value means fractions of microseconds (on average). */
    /* Pipe and data structures for child -> parent info sharing. */
    int child_info_pipe[2];         /* Pipe used to write the child_info_data. */
    int child_info_nread;           /* Num of bytes of the last read from pipe */

    /* Propagation of commands in AOF / replication */
    redisOpArray also_propagate;    /* Additional command to propagate. */
    int replication_allowed;        /* Are we allowed to replicate? */

    /* Logging */
    char *logfile;                  /* Path of log file */
    int syslog_enabled;             /* Is syslog enabled? */
    char *syslog_ident;             /* Syslog ident */
    int syslog_facility;            /* Syslog facility */
    int crashlog_enabled;           /* Enable signal handler for crashlog.
                                     * disable for clean core dumps. */
    int memcheck_enabled;           /* Enable memory check on crash. */
    int use_exit_on_panic;          /* Use exit() on panic and assert rather than
                                     * abort(). useful for Valgrind. */
    /* Shutdown */
    int shutdown_timeout;           /* Graceful shutdown time limit in seconds. */
    int shutdown_on_sigint;         /* Shutdown flags configured for SIGINT. */
    int shutdown_on_sigterm;        /* Shutdown flags configured for SIGTERM. */

    /* Replication (master) */
    char replid[CONFIG_RUN_ID_SIZE+1];  /* My current replication ID. */
    char replid2[CONFIG_RUN_ID_SIZE+1]; /* replid inherited from master*/
    long long master_repl_offset;   /* My current replication offset */
    long long second_replid_offset; /* Accept offsets up to this for replid2. */
    int slaveseldb;                 /* Last SELECTed DB in replication output */
    int repl_ping_slave_period;     /* Master pings the slave every N seconds */
    replBacklog *repl_backlog;      /* Replication backlog for partial syncs */
    long long repl_backlog_size;    /* Backlog circular buffer size */
    time_t repl_backlog_time_limit; /* Time without slaves after the backlog
                                       gets released. */
    time_t repl_no_slaves_since;    /* We have no slaves since that time.
                                       Only valid if server.slaves len is 0. */
    int repl_min_slaves_to_write;   /* Min number of slaves to write. */
    int repl_min_slaves_max_lag;    /* Max lag of <count> slaves to write. */
    int repl_good_slaves_count;     /* Number of slaves with lag <= max_lag. */
    int repl_diskless_sync;         /* Master send RDB to slaves sockets directly. */
    int repl_diskless_load;         /* Slave parse RDB directly from the socket.
                                     * see REPL_DISKLESS_LOAD_* enum */
    int repl_diskless_sync_delay;   /* Delay to start a diskless repl BGSAVE. */
    int repl_diskless_sync_max_replicas;/* Max replicas for diskless repl BGSAVE
                                         * delay (start sooner if they all connect). */
    size_t repl_buffer_mem;         /* The memory of replication buffer. */
    list *repl_buffer_blocks;       /* Replication buffers blocks list
                                     * (serving replica clients and repl backlog) */

    /* Replication (slave) */
    char *masteruser;               /* AUTH with this user and masterauth with master */
    sds masterauth;                 /* AUTH with this password with master */
    char *masterhost;               /* Hostname of master */
    int masterport;                 /* Port of master */
    int repl_timeout;               /* Timeout after N seconds of master idle */
    client *master;     /* Client that is master for this slave */
    client *cached_master; /* Cached master to be reused for PSYNC. */
    int repl_syncio_timeout; /* Timeout for synchronous I/O calls */
    int repl_state;          /* Replication status if the instance is a slave */
    off_t repl_transfer_size; /* Size of RDB to read from master during sync. */
    off_t repl_transfer_read; /* Amount of RDB read from master during sync. */
    off_t repl_transfer_last_fsync_off; /* Offset when we fsync-ed last time. */
    connection *repl_transfer_s;     /* Slave -> Master SYNC connection */
    int repl_transfer_fd;    /* Slave -> Master SYNC temp file descriptor */
    char *repl_transfer_tmpfile; /* Slave-> master SYNC temp file name */
    time_t repl_transfer_lastio; /* Unix time of the latest read, for timeout */
    int repl_serve_stale_data; /* Serve stale data when link is down? */
    int repl_slave_ro;          /* Slave is read only? */
    int repl_slave_ignore_maxmemory;    /* If true slaves do not evict. */
    time_t repl_down_since; /* Unix time at which link with master went down */
    int repl_disable_tcp_nodelay;   /* Disable TCP_NODELAY after SYNC? */
    int slave_priority;             /* Reported in INFO and used by Sentinel. */
    int replica_announced;          /* If true, replica is announced by Sentinel */
    int slave_announce_port;        /* Give the master this listening port. */
    char *slave_announce_ip;        /* Give the master this ip address. */
    int propagation_error_behavior; /* Configures the behavior of the replica
                                     * when it receives an error on the replication stream */
    int repl_ignore_disk_write_error;   /* Configures whether replicas panic when unable to
                                         * persist writes to AOF. */
    /* The following two fields is where we store master PSYNC replid/offset
     * while the PSYNC is in progress. At the end we'll copy the fields into
     * the server->master client structure. */
    char master_replid[CONFIG_RUN_ID_SIZE+1];  /* Master PSYNC runid. */
    long long master_initial_offset;           /* Master PSYNC offset. */
    int repl_slave_lazy_flush;          /* Lazy FLUSHALL before loading DB? */

    /* Synchronous replication. */
    list *clients_waiting_acks;         /* Clients waiting in WAIT command. */
    int get_ack_from_slaves;            /* If true we send REPLCONF GETACK. */

    /* Limits */
    unsigned int maxclients;            /* Max number of simultaneous clients */
    unsigned long long maxmemory;   /* Max number of memory bytes to use */
    ssize_t maxmemory_clients;       /* Memory limit for total client buffers */
    int maxmemory_policy;           /* Policy for key eviction */
    int maxmemory_samples;          /* Precision of random sampling */
    int maxmemory_eviction_tenacity;/* Aggressiveness of eviction processing */
    int lfu_log_factor;             /* LFU logarithmic counter factor. */
    int lfu_decay_time;             /* LFU counter decay factor. */
    long long proto_max_bulk_len;   /* Protocol bulk length maximum size. */
    int oom_score_adj_values[CONFIG_OOM_COUNT];   /* Linux oom_score_adj configuration */
    int oom_score_adj;                            /* If true, oom_score_adj is managed */
    int disable_thp;                              /* If true, disable THP by syscall */

    /* Blocked clients */
    unsigned int blocked_clients;   /* # of clients executing a blocking cmd.*/
    unsigned int blocked_clients_by_type[BLOCKED_NUM];
    list *unblocked_clients; /* list of clients to unblock before next loop */
    list *ready_keys;        /* List of readyList structures for BLPOP & co */

    /* Client side caching. */
    unsigned int tracking_clients;  /* # of clients with tracking enabled.*/
    size_t tracking_table_max_keys; /* Max number of keys in tracking table. */
    list *tracking_pending_keys; /* tracking invalidation keys pending to flush */
    /* Sort parameters - qsort_r() is only available under BSD so we
     * have to take this state global, in order to pass it to sortCompare() */
    int sort_desc;
    int sort_alpha;
    int sort_bypattern;
    int sort_store;

    /* Zip structure config, see redis.conf for more information  */
    size_t hash_max_listpack_entries;
    size_t hash_max_listpack_value;
    size_t set_max_intset_entries;
    size_t zset_max_listpack_entries;
    size_t zset_max_listpack_value;
    size_t hll_sparse_max_bytes;
    size_t stream_node_max_bytes;
    long long stream_node_max_entries;

    /* List parameters */
    int list_max_listpack_size;
    int list_compress_depth;

    /* time cache */
    redisAtomic time_t unixtime; /* Unix time sampled every cron cycle. */
    time_t timezone;            /* Cached timezone. As set by tzset(). */
    int daylight_active;        /* Currently in daylight saving time. */
    mstime_t mstime;            /* 'unixtime' in milliseconds. */
    ustime_t ustime;            /* 'unixtime' in microseconds. */
    size_t blocking_op_nesting; /* Nesting level of blocking operation, used to reset blocked_last_cron. */
    long long blocked_last_cron; /* Indicate the mstime of the last time we did cron jobs from a blocking operation */

    /* Pubsub */
    dict *pubsub_channels;  /* Map channels to list of subscribed clients */
    dict *pubsub_patterns;  /* A dict of pubsub_patterns */
    int notify_keyspace_events; /* Events to propagate via Pub/Sub. This is an
                                   xor of NOTIFY_... flags. */
    dict *pubsubshard_channels;  /* Map shard channels to list of subscribed clients */

    /* Cluster */
    int cluster_enabled;      /* Is cluster enabled? 是否启用 cluster */
    int cluster_port;         /* Set the cluster port for a node. */
    mstime_t cluster_node_timeout; /* Cluster node timeout. */
    char *cluster_configfile; /* Cluster auto-generated config file name. */
    struct clusterState *cluster;  /* State of the cluster */
    int cluster_migration_barrier; /* Cluster replicas migration barrier. */
    int cluster_allow_replica_migration; /* Automatic replica migrations to orphaned masters and from empty masters */
    int cluster_slave_validity_factor; /* Slave max data age for failover. */
    int cluster_require_full_coverage; /* If true, put the cluster down if
                                          there is at least an uncovered slot.*/
    int cluster_slave_no_failover;  /* Prevent slave from starting a failover
                                       if the master is in failure state. */
    char *cluster_announce_ip;  /* IP address to announce on cluster bus. */
    char *cluster_announce_hostname;  /* hostname to announce on cluster bus. */
    int cluster_preferred_endpoint_type; /* Use the announced hostname when available. */
    int cluster_announce_port;     /* base port to announce on cluster bus. */
    int cluster_announce_tls_port; /* TLS port to announce on cluster bus. */
    int cluster_announce_bus_port; /* bus port to announce on cluster bus. */
    int cluster_module_flags;      /* Set of flags that Redis modules are able
                                      to set in order to suppress certain
                                      native Redis Cluster features. Check the
                                      REDISMODULE_CLUSTER_FLAG_*. */
    int cluster_allow_reads_when_down; /* Are reads allowed when the cluster
                                        is down? */
    int cluster_config_file_lock_fd;   /* cluster config fd, will be flock */
    unsigned long long cluster_link_sendbuf_limit_bytes;  /* Memory usage limit on individual link send buffers*/
    int cluster_drop_packet_filter; /* Debug config that allows tactically
                                   * dropping packets of a specific type */

    /* Scripting */
    client *script_caller;       /* The client running script right now, or NULL */
    mstime_t busy_reply_threshold;  /* Script / module timeout in milliseconds */
    int pre_command_oom_state;         /* OOM before command (script?) was started */
    int script_disable_deny_script;    /* Allow running commands marked "no-script" inside a script. */

    /* Lazy free */
    int lazyfree_lazy_eviction;
    int lazyfree_lazy_expire;
    int lazyfree_lazy_server_del;
    int lazyfree_lazy_user_del;
    int lazyfree_lazy_user_flush;

    /* Latency monitor */
    long long latency_monitor_threshold;
    dict *latency_events;

    /* ACLs */
    char *acl_filename;           /* ACL Users file. NULL if not configured. */
    unsigned long acllog_max_len; /* Maximum length of the ACL LOG list. */
    sds requirepass;              /* Remember the cleartext password set with
                                     the old "requirepass" directive for
                                     backward compatibility with Redis <= 5. */
    int acl_pubsub_default;      /* Default ACL pub/sub channels flag */

    /* Assert & bug reporting */
    int watchdog_period;  /* Software watchdog period in ms. 0 = off */

    /* System hardware info */
    size_t system_memory_size;  /* Total memory in system as reported by OS */

    /* TLS Configuration */
    int tls_cluster;
    int tls_replication;
    int tls_auth_clients;
    redisTLSContextConfig tls_ctx_config;

    /* cpu affinity */
    char *server_cpulist; /* cpu affinity list of redis server main/io thread. */
    char *bio_cpulist; /* cpu affinity list of bio thread. */
    char *aof_rewrite_cpulist; /* cpu affinity list of aof rewrite process. */
    char *bgsave_cpulist; /* cpu affinity list of bgsave process. */
    /* Sentinel config */
    struct sentinelConfig *sentinel_config; /* sentinel config to load at startup time. */
    /* Coordinate failover info */
    mstime_t failover_end_time; /* Deadline for failover command. */
    int force_failover; /* If true then failover will be forced at the
                         * deadline, otherwise failover is aborted. */
    char *target_replica_host; /* Failover target host. If null during a
                                * failover then any replica can be used. */
    int target_replica_port; /* Failover target port */
    int failover_state; /* Failover state */
    int cluster_allow_pubsubshard_when_down; /* Is pubsubshard allowed when the cluster
                                                is down, doesn't affect pubsub global. */
    long reply_buffer_peak_reset_time; /* The amount of time (in milliseconds) to wait between reply buffer peak resets */
    int reply_buffer_resizing_enabled; /* Is reply buffer resizing enabled (1 by default) */
};


// 文件位置：src/server.h
// 数据库结构体
/* Redis database representation. There are multiple databases identified
 * by integers from 0 (the default database) up to the max configured
 * database. The database number is the 'id' field in the structure. */
typedef struct redisDb {
    dict *dict;                 /* The keyspace for this DB */
    dict *expires;              /* Timeout of keys with a timeout set */
    dict *blocking_keys;        /* Keys with clients waiting for data (BLPOP)*/
    dict *ready_keys;           /* Blocked keys that received a PUSH */
    dict *watched_keys;         /* WATCHED keys for MULTI/EXEC CAS */
    int id;                     /* Database ID */
    long long avg_ttl;          /* Average TTL, just for stats */
    unsigned long expires_cursor; /* Cursor of the active expire cycle. */
    list *defrag_later;         /* List of key names to attempt to defrag one by one, gradually. */
    clusterSlotToKeyMapping *slots_to_keys; /* 到键的槽数组。仅在集群模式下使用 Array of slots to keys. Only used in cluster mode (db 0). */
} redisDb;


// 文件位置：src/dict.h
// 数据字典结构体
struct dict {
    dictType *type; // 包含多个操作的函数句柄

    dictEntry **ht_table[2];
    unsigned long ht_used[2]; // 2个hashtable分别存储的key的数量

    long rehashidx; /* rehashing not in progress if rehashidx == -1 */

    /* Keep small vars at end for optimal (minimal) struct padding */
    int16_t pauserehash; /* If >0 rehashing is paused (<0 indicates coding error) */
    signed char ht_size_exp[2]; /* table大小的指数 exponent of size. (size = 1<<exp) */
};

redis client如何与数据库建立联系

每当redis client客户端与Redis Server服务端建立连接之后，Redis Server为该客户端创建结构体 client 用于存储客户端相关信息，其中就包含客户端所使用的数据库(默认为0，可以通过select指令选择其他数据库)。然后Redis Server服务端通过双向链表把这些client连接起来，存储到全局变量redisServer的clients字段中。就这样redis client客户端与Redis数据库建立了联系，后续就能直接找到对应数据库进行读、写等操作。

代表客户端的client结构体如下所示：

// 代码位置：src/server.h
typedef struct client {
    uint64_t id;            /* Client incremental unique ID. */
    uint64_t flags;         /* Client flags: CLIENT_* macros. */
    connection *conn;
    int resp;               /* RESP protocol version. Can be 2 or 3. */
    redisDb *db;            /* Pointer to currently SELECTed DB. */
    robj *name;             /* As set by CLIENT SETNAME. */
    sds querybuf;           /* Buffer we use to accumulate client queries. */
    size_t qb_pos;          /* The position we have read in querybuf. */
    size_t querybuf_peak;   /* Recent (100ms or more) peak of querybuf size. */
    int argc;               /* Num of arguments of current command. */
    robj **argv;            /* Arguments of current command. */
    int argv_len;           /* Size of argv array (may be more than argc) */
    int original_argc;      /* Num of arguments of original command if arguments were rewritten. */
    robj **original_argv;   /* Arguments of original command if arguments were rewritten. */
    size_t argv_len_sum;    /* Sum of lengths of objects in argv list. */
    struct redisCommand *cmd, *lastcmd;  /* Last command executed. */
    struct redisCommand *realcmd; /* The original command that was executed by the client,
                                     Used to update error stats in case the c->cmd was modified
                                     during the command invocation (like on GEOADD for example). */
    user *user;             /* User associated with this connection. If the
                               user is set to NULL the connection can do
                               anything (admin). */
    int reqtype;            /* Request protocol type: PROTO_REQ_* */
    int multibulklen;       /* Number of multi bulk arguments left to read. */
    long bulklen;           /* Length of bulk argument in multi bulk request. */
    list *reply;            /* List of reply objects to send to the client. */
    unsigned long long reply_bytes; /* Tot bytes of objects in reply list. */
    list *deferred_reply_errors;    /* Used for module thread safe contexts. */
    size_t sentlen;         /* Amount of bytes already sent in the current
                               buffer or object being sent. */
    time_t ctime;           /* Client creation time. */
    long duration;          /* Current command duration. Used for measuring latency of blocking/non-blocking cmds */
    int slot;               /* The slot the client is executing against. Set to -1 if no slot is being used */
    dictEntry *cur_script;  /* Cached pointer to the dictEntry of the script being executed. */
    time_t lastinteraction; /* Time of the last interaction, used for timeout */
    time_t obuf_soft_limit_reached_time;
    int authenticated;      /* Needed when the default user requires auth. */
    int replstate;          /* Replication state if this is a slave. */
    int repl_start_cmd_stream_on_ack; /* Install slave write handler on first ACK. */
    int repldbfd;           /* Replication DB file descriptor. */
    off_t repldboff;        /* Replication DB file offset. */
    off_t repldbsize;       /* Replication DB file size. */
    sds replpreamble;       /* Replication DB preamble. */
    long long read_reploff; /* Read replication offset if this is a master. */
    long long reploff;      /* Applied replication offset if this is a master. */
    long long repl_applied; /* Applied replication data count in querybuf, if this is a replica. */
    long long repl_ack_off; /* Replication ack offset, if this is a slave. */
    long long repl_ack_time;/* Replication ack time, if this is a slave. */
    long long repl_last_partial_write; /* The last time the server did a partial write from the RDB child pipe to this replica  */
    long long psync_initial_offset; /* FULLRESYNC reply offset other slaves
                                       copying this slave output buffer
                                       should use. */
    char replid[CONFIG_RUN_ID_SIZE+1]; /* Master replication ID (if master). */
    int slave_listening_port; /* As configured with: REPLCONF listening-port */
    char *slave_addr;       /* Optionally given by REPLCONF ip-address */
    int slave_capa;         /* Slave capabilities: SLAVE_CAPA_* bitwise OR. */
    int slave_req;          /* Slave requirements: SLAVE_REQ_* */
    multiState mstate;      /* MULTI/EXEC state */
    int btype;              /* Type of blocking op if CLIENT_BLOCKED. */
    blockingState bpop;     /* blocking state */
    long long woff;         /* Last write global replication offset. */
    list *watched_keys;     /* Keys WATCHED for MULTI/EXEC CAS */
    dict *pubsub_channels;  /* channels a client is interested in (SUBSCRIBE) */
    list *pubsub_patterns;  /* patterns a client is interested in (SUBSCRIBE) */
    dict *pubsubshard_channels;  /* shard level channels a client is interested in (SSUBSCRIBE) */
    sds peerid;             /* Cached peer ID. */
    sds sockname;           /* Cached connection target address. */
    listNode *client_list_node; /* list node in client list */
    listNode *postponed_list_node; /* list node within the postponed list */
    listNode *pending_read_list_node; /* list node in clients pending read list */
    RedisModuleUserChangedFunc auth_callback; /* Module callback to execute
                                               * when the authenticated user
                                               * changes. */
    void *auth_callback_privdata; /* Private data that is passed when the auth
                                   * changed callback is executed. Opaque for
                                   * Redis Core. */
    void *auth_module;      /* The module that owns the callback, which is used
                             * to disconnect the client if the module is
                             * unloaded for cleanup. Opaque for Redis Core.*/

    /* If this client is in tracking mode and this field is non zero,
     * invalidation messages for keys fetched by this client will be send to
     * the specified client ID. */
    uint64_t client_tracking_redirection;
    rax *client_tracking_prefixes; /* A dictionary of prefixes we are already
                                      subscribed to in BCAST mode, in the
                                      context of client side caching. */
    /* In updateClientMemoryUsage() we track the memory usage of
     * each client and add it to the sum of all the clients of a given type,
     * however we need to remember what was the old contribution of each
     * client, and in which category the client was, in order to remove it
     * before adding it the new value. */
    size_t last_memory_usage;
    int last_memory_type;

    listNode *mem_usage_bucket_node;
    clientMemUsageBucket *mem_usage_bucket;

    listNode *ref_repl_buf_node; /* Referenced node of replication buffer blocks,
                                  * see the definition of replBufBlock. */
    size_t ref_block_pos;        /* Access position of referenced buffer block,
                                  * i.e. the next offset to send. */

    /* Response buffer */
    size_t buf_peak; /* Peak used size of buffer in last 5 sec interval. */
    mstime_t buf_peak_last_reset_time; /* keeps the last time the buffer peak value was reset */
    int bufpos;
    size_t buf_usable_size; /* Usable size of buffer. */
    char *buf;
} client;

每当redis client客户端发送命令到服务端之后，Redis Server通过 client.db 找到对应的数据库，然后进行相关操作。

Set指令执行过程代码追溯

set指令核心操作步骤如下图所示：

Set指令代码如下所示：

// 代码位置：src/t_string.c
/* SET key value [NX] [XX] [KEEPTTL] [GET] [EX <seconds>] [PX <milliseconds>]
 *     [EXAT <seconds-timestamp>][PXAT <milliseconds-timestamp>] */
void setCommand(client *c) {
    robj *expire = NULL;
    int unit = UNIT_SECONDS;
    int flags = OBJ_NO_FLAGS;

    // 通过参数解析过期key的过期时间、过期时间单位以及操作标识符flags
    // flags,unit,expire在真正设置的时候会被使用
    // 如果带有 KEEPTTL 选项，则 flags|=OBJ_SET_GET
    if (parseExtendedStringArgumentsOrReply(c,&flags,&unit,&expire,COMMAND_SET) != C_OK) {
        return;
    }

    // 对key的value进行编码
    c->argv[2] = tryObjectEncoding(c->argv[2]);
    
    // 执行通用的set操作
    // 因为set操作包含多个不同的指令，但是底层操作基本相同
    // c->argv[1]:需要设置的key名称, c->argv[2]:需要设置key对应的value内容
    setGenericCommand(c,flags,c->argv[1],c->argv[2],expire,unit,NULL,NULL);
}

// 文件位置：src/t_string.c
// 通用的set操作方法
void setGenericCommand(client *c, int flags, robj *key, robj *val, robj *expire, int unit, robj *ok_reply, robj *abort_reply) {
    long long milliseconds = 0; /* initialized to avoid any harmness warning */
    int found = 0;
    int setkey_flags = 0;

    // 过期时间校验
    if (expire && getExpireMillisecondsOrReply(c, expire, flags, unit, &milliseconds) != C_OK) {
        return;
    }

    // getset 处理
    if (flags & OBJ_SET_GET) {
        if (getGenericCommand(c) == C_ERR) return;
    }

    // 查找key是否已经存在
    found = (lookupKeyWrite(c->db,key) != NULL);

    // key不存在则设置，但是存在。key存在则设置，但是不存在
    // 对于2种异常情况处理
    if ((flags & OBJ_SET_NX && found) ||
        (flags & OBJ_SET_XX && !found))
    {
        if (!(flags & OBJ_SET_GET)) {
            addReply(c, abort_reply ? abort_reply : shared.null[c->resp]);
        }
        return;
    }
    
    // 设置key时需要使用的标识符
    setkey_flags |= (flags & OBJ_KEEPTTL) ? SETKEY_KEEPTTL : 0; // 是否保持key的过期时间不变
    setkey_flags |= found ? SETKEY_ALREADY_EXIST : SETKEY_DOESNT_EXIST; // key是否已经存在

    // 真正的设置key在这里
    setKey(c,c->db,key,val,setkey_flags);
    server.dirty++;

    // 事件通知
    notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_STRING,"set",key,c->db->id);

    if (expire) {
        // 设置key的过期时间
        setExpire(c,c->db,key,milliseconds);
        /* Propagate as SET Key Value PXAT millisecond-timestamp if there is
         * EX/PX/EXAT/PXAT flag. */
        robj *milliseconds_obj = createStringObjectFromLongLong(milliseconds);
        rewriteClientCommandVector(c, 5, shared.set, key, val, shared.pxat, milliseconds_obj);
        decrRefCount(milliseconds_obj);
        notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_GENERIC,"expire",key,c->db->id);
    }

    if (!(flags & OBJ_SET_GET)) {
        addReply(c, ok_reply ? ok_reply : shared.ok);
    }

    /* Propagate without the GET argument (Isn't needed if we had expire since in that case we completely re-written the command argv) */
    if ((flags & OBJ_SET_GET) && !expire) {
        int argc = 0;
        int j;
        robj **argv = zmalloc((c->argc-1)*sizeof(robj*));
        for (j=0; j < c->argc; j++) {
            char *a = c->argv[j]->ptr;
            /* Skip GET which may be repeated multiple times. */
            if (j >= 3 &&
                (a[0] == 'g' || a[0] == 'G') &&
                (a[1] == 'e' || a[1] == 'E') &&
                (a[2] == 't' || a[2] == 'T') && a[3] == '\0')
                continue;
            argv[argc++] = c->argv[j];
            incrRefCount(c->argv[j]);
        }
        replaceClientCommandVector(c, argc, argv);
    }
}


// 文件位置：src/db.c
// 真正的设置key的操作
/* High level Set operation. This function can be used in order to set
 * a key, whatever it was existing or not, to a new object.
 *
 * 1) The ref count of the value object is incremented.
 * 2) clients WATCHing for the destination key notified.
 * 3) The expire time of the key is reset (the key is made persistent),
 *    unless 'SETKEY_KEEPTTL' is enabled in flags.
 * 4) The key lookup can take place outside this interface outcome will be
 *    delivered with 'SETKEY_ALREADY_EXIST' or 'SETKEY_DOESNT_EXIST'
 *
 * All the new keys in the database should be created via this interface.
 * The client 'c' argument may be set to NULL if the operation is performed
 * in a context where there is no clear client performing the operation. */
void setKey(client *c, redisDb *db, robj *key, robj *val, int flags) {
    int keyfound = 0;

    if (flags & SETKEY_ALREADY_EXIST)
        keyfound = 1;
    else if (!(flags & SETKEY_DOESNT_EXIST))
        keyfound = (lookupKeyWrite(db,key) != NULL);

    if (!keyfound) {
        dbAdd(db,key,val); // key不存在，则添加
    } else {
        dbOverwrite(db,key,val); // 存在key，找到则覆盖
    }

    incrRefCount(val); // 引用计数+1
    
    // 注意：没有 SETKEY_KEEPTTL 标识的话，需要试图去 [过期键空间] 删除key
    // 
    // 正是下面的一行代码操作，会发生类似的如下现象：
    //  1.设置key，同时设置过期时间
    //  2.查询key过期时间，得到key在第1步设置的过期时间
    //  3.再次设置key(不设置过期时间，这里会把第1步设置的过期时间删掉)
    //  4.查询key过期时间，发现key永不过期
    if (!(flags & SETKEY_KEEPTTL)) removeExpire(db,key);
    
    if (!(flags & SETKEY_NO_SIGNAL)) signalModifiedKey(c,db,key);
}

Redis主要命令

从Redis源码可知，v7.0 版本目前具有 240 个命令，代码如下所示：

// 代码位置：src/commands.c

/* Main command table */
struct redisCommand redisCommandTable[] = {
    /* bitmap 位图 */
    {"bitcount","Count set bits in a string","O(N)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_BITMAP,BITCOUNT_History,BITCOUNT_tips,bitcountCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_BITMAP,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=BITCOUNT_Args},
    {"bitfield","Perform arbitrary bitfield integer operations on strings","O(1) for each subcommand specified","3.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_BITMAP,BITFIELD_History,BITFIELD_tips,bitfieldCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_BITMAP,{{"This command allows both access and modification of the key",CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_VARIABLE_FLAGS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},bitfieldGetKeys,.args=BITFIELD_Args},
    {"bitfield_ro","Perform arbitrary bitfield integer operations on strings. Read-only variant of BITFIELD","O(1) for each subcommand specified","6.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_BITMAP,BITFIELD_RO_History,BITFIELD_RO_tips,bitfieldroCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_BITMAP,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=BITFIELD_RO_Args},
    {"bitop","Perform bitwise operations between strings","O(N)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_BITMAP,BITOP_History,BITOP_tips,bitopCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_BITMAP,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={3},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=BITOP_Args},
    {"bitpos","Find first bit set or clear in a string","O(N)","2.8.7",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_BITMAP,BITPOS_History,BITPOS_tips,bitposCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_BITMAP,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=BITPOS_Args},
    {"getbit","Returns the bit value at offset in the string value stored at key","O(1)","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_BITMAP,GETBIT_History,GETBIT_tips,getbitCommand,3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_BITMAP,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GETBIT_Args},
    {"setbit","Sets or clears the bit at offset in the string value stored at key","O(1)","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_BITMAP,SETBIT_History,SETBIT_tips,setbitCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_BITMAP,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SETBIT_Args},
    /* cluster 集群 */
    {"asking","Sent by cluster clients after an -ASK redirect","O(1)","3.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CLUSTER,ASKING_History,ASKING_tips,askingCommand,1,CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION},
    {"cluster","A container for cluster commands","Depends on subcommand.","3.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CLUSTER,CLUSTER_History,CLUSTER_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=CLUSTER_Subcommands},
    {"readonly","Enables read queries for a connection to a cluster replica node","O(1)","3.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CLUSTER,READONLY_History,READONLY_tips,readonlyCommand,1,CMD_FAST|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION},
    {"readwrite","Disables read queries for a connection to a cluster replica node","O(1)","3.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CLUSTER,READWRITE_History,READWRITE_tips,readwriteCommand,1,CMD_FAST|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION},
    /* connection 连接 */
    {"auth","Authenticate to the server","O(N) where N is the number of passwords defined for the user","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CONNECTION,AUTH_History,AUTH_tips,authCommand,-2,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_NO_AUTH|CMD_SENTINEL|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION,.args=AUTH_Args},
    {"client","A container for client connection commands","Depends on subcommand.","2.4.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CONNECTION,CLIENT_History,CLIENT_tips,NULL,-2,CMD_SENTINEL,0,.subcommands=CLIENT_Subcommands},
    {"echo","Echo the given string","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CONNECTION,ECHO_History,ECHO_tips,echoCommand,2,CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION,.args=ECHO_Args},
    {"hello","Handshake with Redis","O(1)","6.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CONNECTION,HELLO_History,HELLO_tips,helloCommand,-1,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_NO_AUTH|CMD_SENTINEL|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION,.args=HELLO_Args},
    {"ping","Ping the server","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CONNECTION,PING_History,PING_tips,pingCommand,-1,CMD_FAST|CMD_SENTINEL,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION,.args=PING_Args},
    {"quit","Close the connection","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CONNECTION,QUIT_History,QUIT_tips,quitCommand,-1,CMD_ALLOW_BUSY|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_NO_AUTH,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION},
    {"reset","Reset the connection","O(1)","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CONNECTION,RESET_History,RESET_tips,resetCommand,1,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_NO_AUTH|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION},
    {"select","Change the selected database for the current connection","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_CONNECTION,SELECT_History,SELECT_tips,selectCommand,2,CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION,.args=SELECT_Args},
    /* generic 通用 */
    {"copy","Copy a key","O(N) worst case for collections, where N is the number of nested items. O(1) for string values.","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,COPY_History,COPY_tips,copyCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=COPY_Args},
    {"del","Delete a key","O(N) where N is the number of keys that will be removed. When a key to remove holds a value other than a string, the individual complexity for this key is O(M) where M is the number of elements in the list, set, sorted set or hash. Removing a single key that holds a string value is O(1).","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,DEL_History,DEL_tips,delCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RM|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=DEL_Args},
    {"dump","Return a serialized version of the value stored at the specified key.","O(1) to access the key and additional O(N*M) to serialize it, where N is the number of Redis objects composing the value and M their average size. For small string values the time complexity is thus O(1)+O(1*M) where M is small, so simply O(1).","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,DUMP_History,DUMP_tips,dumpCommand,2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=DUMP_Args},
    {"exists","Determine if a key exists","O(N) where N is the number of keys to check.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,EXISTS_History,EXISTS_tips,existsCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=EXISTS_Args},
    {"expire","Set a key's time to live in seconds","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,EXPIRE_History,EXPIRE_tips,expireCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=EXPIRE_Args},
    {"expireat","Set the expiration for a key as a UNIX timestamp","O(1)","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,EXPIREAT_History,EXPIREAT_tips,expireatCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=EXPIREAT_Args},
    {"expiretime","Get the expiration Unix timestamp for a key","O(1)","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,EXPIRETIME_History,EXPIRETIME_tips,expiretimeCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=EXPIRETIME_Args},
    {"keys","Find all keys matching the given pattern","O(N) with N being the number of keys in the database, under the assumption that the key names in the database and the given pattern have limited length.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,KEYS_History,KEYS_tips,keysCommand,2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,.args=KEYS_Args},
    {"migrate","Atomically transfer a key from a Redis instance to another one.","This command actually executes a DUMP+DEL in the source instance, and a RESTORE in the target instance. See the pages of these commands for time complexity. Also an O(N) data transfer between the two instances is performed.","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,MIGRATE_History,MIGRATE_tips,migrateCommand,-6,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={3},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE|CMD_KEY_INCOMPLETE,KSPEC_BS_KEYWORD,.bs.keyword={"KEYS",-2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},migrateGetKeys,.args=MIGRATE_Args},
    {"move","Move a key to another database","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,MOVE_History,MOVE_tips,moveCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=MOVE_Args},
    {"object","A container for object introspection commands","Depends on subcommand.","2.2.3",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,OBJECT_History,OBJECT_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=OBJECT_Subcommands},
    {"persist","Remove the expiration from a key","O(1)","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,PERSIST_History,PERSIST_tips,persistCommand,2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=PERSIST_Args},
    {"pexpire","Set a key's time to live in milliseconds","O(1)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,PEXPIRE_History,PEXPIRE_tips,pexpireCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=PEXPIRE_Args},
    {"pexpireat","Set the expiration for a key as a UNIX timestamp specified in milliseconds","O(1)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,PEXPIREAT_History,PEXPIREAT_tips,pexpireatCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=PEXPIREAT_Args},
    {"pexpiretime","Get the expiration Unix timestamp for a key in milliseconds","O(1)","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,PEXPIRETIME_History,PEXPIRETIME_tips,pexpiretimeCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=PEXPIRETIME_Args},
    {"pttl","Get the time to live for a key in milliseconds","O(1)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,PTTL_History,PTTL_tips,pttlCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=PTTL_Args},
    {"randomkey","Return a random key from the keyspace","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,RANDOMKEY_History,RANDOMKEY_tips,randomkeyCommand,1,CMD_READONLY|CMD_TOUCHES_ARBITRARY_KEYS,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE},
    {"rename","Rename a key","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,RENAME_History,RENAME_tips,renameCommand,3,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=RENAME_Args},
    {"renamenx","Rename a key, only if the new key does not exist","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,RENAMENX_History,RENAMENX_tips,renamenxCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=RENAMENX_Args},
    {"restore","Create a key using the provided serialized value, previously obtained using DUMP.","O(1) to create the new key and additional O(N*M) to reconstruct the serialized value, where N is the number of Redis objects composing the value and M their average size. For small string values the time complexity is thus O(1)+O(1*M) where M is small, so simply O(1). However for sorted set values the complexity is O(N*M*log(N)) because inserting values into sorted sets is O(log(N)).","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,RESTORE_History,RESTORE_tips,restoreCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=RESTORE_Args},
    {"scan","Incrementally iterate the keys space","O(1) for every call. O(N) for a complete iteration, including enough command calls for the cursor to return back to 0. N is the number of elements inside the collection.","2.8.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,SCAN_History,SCAN_tips,scanCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_TOUCHES_ARBITRARY_KEYS,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,.args=SCAN_Args},
    {"sort","Sort the elements in a list, set or sorted set","O(N+M*log(M)) where N is the number of elements in the list or set to sort, and M the number of returned elements. When the elements are not sorted, complexity is O(N).","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,SORT_History,SORT_tips,sortCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_SET|ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET|ACL_CATEGORY_LIST|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{"For the optional BY/GET keyword. It is marked 'unknown' because the key names derive from the content of the key we sort",CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_UNKNOWN,{{0}},KSPEC_FK_UNKNOWN,{{0}}},{"For the optional STORE keyword. It is marked 'unknown' because the keyword can appear anywhere in the argument array",CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_UNKNOWN,{{0}},KSPEC_FK_UNKNOWN,{{0}}}},sortGetKeys,.args=SORT_Args},
    {"sort_ro","Sort the elements in a list, set or sorted set. Read-only variant of SORT.","O(N+M*log(M)) where N is the number of elements in the list or set to sort, and M the number of returned elements. When the elements are not sorted, complexity is O(N).","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,SORT_RO_History,SORT_RO_tips,sortroCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SET|ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET|ACL_CATEGORY_LIST|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{"For the optional BY/GET keyword. It is marked 'unknown' because the key names derive from the content of the key we sort",CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_UNKNOWN,{{0}},KSPEC_FK_UNKNOWN,{{0}}}},sortROGetKeys,.args=SORT_RO_Args},
    {"touch","Alters the last access time of a key(s). Returns the number of existing keys specified.","O(N) where N is the number of keys that will be touched.","3.2.1",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,TOUCH_History,TOUCH_tips,touchCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=TOUCH_Args},
    {"ttl","Get the time to live for a key in seconds","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,TTL_History,TTL_tips,ttlCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=TTL_Args},
    {"type","Determine the type stored at key","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,TYPE_History,TYPE_tips,typeCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=TYPE_Args},
    {"unlink","Delete a key asynchronously in another thread. Otherwise it is just as DEL, but non blocking.","O(1) for each key removed regardless of its size. Then the command does O(N) work in a different thread in order to reclaim memory, where N is the number of allocations the deleted objects where composed of.","4.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,UNLINK_History,UNLINK_tips,unlinkCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RM|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=UNLINK_Args},
    {"wait","Wait for the synchronous replication of all the write commands sent in the context of the current connection","O(1)","3.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GENERIC,WAIT_History,WAIT_tips,waitCommand,3,CMD_NOSCRIPT,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION,.args=WAIT_Args},
    /* geo */
    {"geoadd","Add one or more geospatial items in the geospatial index represented using a sorted set","O(log(N)) for each item added, where N is the number of elements in the sorted set.","3.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEOADD_History,GEOADD_tips,geoaddCommand,-5,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GEOADD_Args},
    {"geodist","Returns the distance between two members of a geospatial index","O(log(N))","3.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEODIST_History,GEODIST_tips,geodistCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GEODIST_Args},
    {"geohash","Returns members of a geospatial index as standard geohash strings","O(log(N)) for each member requested, where N is the number of elements in the sorted set.","3.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEOHASH_History,GEOHASH_tips,geohashCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GEOHASH_Args},
    {"geopos","Returns longitude and latitude of members of a geospatial index","O(N) where N is the number of members requested.","3.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEOPOS_History,GEOPOS_tips,geoposCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GEOPOS_Args},
    {"georadius","Query a sorted set representing a geospatial index to fetch members matching a given maximum distance from a point","O(N+log(M)) where N is the number of elements inside the bounding box of the circular area delimited by center and radius and M is the number of items inside the index.","3.2.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`GEOSEARCH` and `GEOSEARCHSTORE` with the `BYRADIUS` argument","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEORADIUS_History,GEORADIUS_tips,georadiusCommand,-6,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_KEYWORD,.bs.keyword={"STORE",6},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_KEYWORD,.bs.keyword={"STOREDIST",6},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},georadiusGetKeys,.args=GEORADIUS_Args},
    {"georadiusbymember","Query a sorted set representing a geospatial index to fetch members matching a given maximum distance from a member","O(N+log(M)) where N is the number of elements inside the bounding box of the circular area delimited by center and radius and M is the number of items inside the index.","3.2.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`GEOSEARCH` and `GEOSEARCHSTORE` with the `BYRADIUS` and `FROMMEMBER` arguments","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEORADIUSBYMEMBER_History,GEORADIUSBYMEMBER_tips,georadiusbymemberCommand,-5,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_KEYWORD,.bs.keyword={"STORE",5},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_KEYWORD,.bs.keyword={"STOREDIST",5},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},georadiusGetKeys,.args=GEORADIUSBYMEMBER_Args},
    {"georadiusbymember_ro","A read-only variant for GEORADIUSBYMEMBER","O(N+log(M)) where N is the number of elements inside the bounding box of the circular area delimited by center and radius and M is the number of items inside the index.","3.2.10",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`GEOSEARCH` with the `BYRADIUS` and `FROMMEMBER` arguments","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEORADIUSBYMEMBER_RO_History,GEORADIUSBYMEMBER_RO_tips,georadiusbymemberroCommand,-5,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GEORADIUSBYMEMBER_RO_Args},
    {"georadius_ro","A read-only variant for GEORADIUS","O(N+log(M)) where N is the number of elements inside the bounding box of the circular area delimited by center and radius and M is the number of items inside the index.","3.2.10",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`GEOSEARCH` with the `BYRADIUS` argument","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEORADIUS_RO_History,GEORADIUS_RO_tips,georadiusroCommand,-6,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GEORADIUS_RO_Args},
    {"geosearch","Query a sorted set representing a geospatial index to fetch members inside an area of a box or a circle.","O(N+log(M)) where N is the number of elements in the grid-aligned bounding box area around the shape provided as the filter and M is the number of items inside the shape","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEOSEARCH_History,GEOSEARCH_tips,geosearchCommand,-7,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GEOSEARCH_Args},
    {"geosearchstore","Query a sorted set representing a geospatial index to fetch members inside an area of a box or a circle, and store the result in another key.","O(N+log(M)) where N is the number of elements in the grid-aligned bounding box area around the shape provided as the filter and M is the number of items inside the shape","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_GEO,GEOSEARCHSTORE_History,GEOSEARCHSTORE_tips,geosearchstoreCommand,-8,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_GEO,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GEOSEARCHSTORE_Args},
    /* hash */
    {"hdel","Delete one or more hash fields","O(N) where N is the number of fields to be removed.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HDEL_History,HDEL_tips,hdelCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HDEL_Args},
    {"hexists","Determine if a hash field exists","O(1)","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HEXISTS_History,HEXISTS_tips,hexistsCommand,3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HEXISTS_Args},
    {"hget","Get the value of a hash field","O(1)","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HGET_History,HGET_tips,hgetCommand,3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HGET_Args},
    {"hgetall","Get all the fields and values in a hash","O(N) where N is the size of the hash.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HGETALL_History,HGETALL_tips,hgetallCommand,2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HGETALL_Args},
    {"hincrby","Increment the integer value of a hash field by the given number","O(1)","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HINCRBY_History,HINCRBY_tips,hincrbyCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HINCRBY_Args},
    {"hincrbyfloat","Increment the float value of a hash field by the given amount","O(1)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HINCRBYFLOAT_History,HINCRBYFLOAT_tips,hincrbyfloatCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HINCRBYFLOAT_Args},
    {"hkeys","Get all the fields in a hash","O(N) where N is the size of the hash.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HKEYS_History,HKEYS_tips,hkeysCommand,2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HKEYS_Args},
    {"hlen","Get the number of fields in a hash","O(1)","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HLEN_History,HLEN_tips,hlenCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HLEN_Args},
    {"hmget","Get the values of all the given hash fields","O(N) where N is the number of fields being requested.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HMGET_History,HMGET_tips,hmgetCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HMGET_Args},
    {"hmset","Set multiple hash fields to multiple values","O(N) where N is the number of fields being set.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`HSET` with multiple field-value pairs","4.0.0",COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HMSET_History,HMSET_tips,hsetCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HMSET_Args},
    {"hrandfield","Get one or multiple random fields from a hash","O(N) where N is the number of fields returned","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HRANDFIELD_History,HRANDFIELD_tips,hrandfieldCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HRANDFIELD_Args},
    {"hscan","Incrementally iterate hash fields and associated values","O(1) for every call. O(N) for a complete iteration, including enough command calls for the cursor to return back to 0. N is the number of elements inside the collection..","2.8.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HSCAN_History,HSCAN_tips,hscanCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HSCAN_Args},
    {"hset","Set the string value of a hash field","O(1) for each field/value pair added, so O(N) to add N field/value pairs when the command is called with multiple field/value pairs.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HSET_History,HSET_tips,hsetCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HSET_Args},
    {"hsetnx","Set the value of a hash field, only if the field does not exist","O(1)","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HSETNX_History,HSETNX_tips,hsetnxCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HSETNX_Args},
    {"hstrlen","Get the length of the value of a hash field","O(1)","3.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HSTRLEN_History,HSTRLEN_tips,hstrlenCommand,3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HSTRLEN_Args},
    {"hvals","Get all the values in a hash","O(N) where N is the size of the hash.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HASH,HVALS_History,HVALS_tips,hvalsCommand,2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_HASH,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=HVALS_Args},
    /* hyperloglog */
    {"pfadd","Adds the specified elements to the specified HyperLogLog.","O(1) to add every element.","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HYPERLOGLOG,PFADD_History,PFADD_tips,pfaddCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_HYPERLOGLOG,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=PFADD_Args},
    {"pfcount","Return the approximated cardinality of the set(s) observed by the HyperLogLog at key(s).","O(1) with a very small average constant time when called with a single key. O(N) with N being the number of keys, and much bigger constant times, when called with multiple keys.","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HYPERLOGLOG,PFCOUNT_History,PFCOUNT_tips,pfcountCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_MAY_REPLICATE,ACL_CATEGORY_HYPERLOGLOG,{{"RW because it may change the internal representation of the key, and propagate to replicas",CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=PFCOUNT_Args},
    {"pfdebug","Internal commands for debugging HyperLogLog values","N/A","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_SYSCMD,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HYPERLOGLOG,PFDEBUG_History,PFDEBUG_tips,pfdebugCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_ADMIN,ACL_CATEGORY_HYPERLOGLOG,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=PFDEBUG_Args},
    {"pfmerge","Merge N different HyperLogLogs into a single one.","O(N) to merge N HyperLogLogs, but with high constant times.","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HYPERLOGLOG,PFMERGE_History,PFMERGE_tips,pfmergeCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_HYPERLOGLOG,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=PFMERGE_Args},
    {"pfselftest","An internal command for testing HyperLogLog values","N/A","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_SYSCMD,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_HYPERLOGLOG,PFSELFTEST_History,PFSELFTEST_tips,pfselftestCommand,1,CMD_ADMIN,ACL_CATEGORY_HYPERLOGLOG},
    /* list */
    {"blmove","Pop an element from a list, push it to another list and return it; or block until one is available","O(1)","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,BLMOVE_History,BLMOVE_tips,blmoveCommand,6,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=BLMOVE_Args},
    {"blmpop","Pop elements from a list, or block until one is available","O(N+M) where N is the number of provided keys and M is the number of elements returned.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,BLMPOP_History,BLMPOP_tips,blmpopCommand,-5,CMD_WRITE|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},blmpopGetKeys,.args=BLMPOP_Args},
    {"blpop","Remove and get the first element in a list, or block until one is available","O(N) where N is the number of provided keys.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,BLPOP_History,BLPOP_tips,blpopCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-2,1,0}}},.args=BLPOP_Args},
    {"brpop","Remove and get the last element in a list, or block until one is available","O(N) where N is the number of provided keys.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,BRPOP_History,BRPOP_tips,brpopCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-2,1,0}}},.args=BRPOP_Args},
    {"brpoplpush","Pop an element from a list, push it to another list and return it; or block until one is available","O(1)","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`BLMOVE` with the `RIGHT` and `LEFT` arguments","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,BRPOPLPUSH_History,BRPOPLPUSH_tips,brpoplpushCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=BRPOPLPUSH_Args},
    {"lindex","Get an element from a list by its index","O(N) where N is the number of elements to traverse to get to the element at index. This makes asking for the first or the last element of the list O(1).","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LINDEX_History,LINDEX_tips,lindexCommand,3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LINDEX_Args},
    {"linsert","Insert an element before or after another element in a list","O(N) where N is the number of elements to traverse before seeing the value pivot. This means that inserting somewhere on the left end on the list (head) can be considered O(1) and inserting somewhere on the right end (tail) is O(N).","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LINSERT_History,LINSERT_tips,linsertCommand,5,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LINSERT_Args},
    {"llen","Get the length of a list","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LLEN_History,LLEN_tips,llenCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LLEN_Args},
    {"lmove","Pop an element from a list, push it to another list and return it","O(1)","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LMOVE_History,LMOVE_tips,lmoveCommand,5,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LMOVE_Args},
    {"lmpop","Pop elements from a list","O(N+M) where N is the number of provided keys and M is the number of elements returned.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LMPOP_History,LMPOP_tips,lmpopCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},lmpopGetKeys,.args=LMPOP_Args},
    {"lpop","Remove and get the first elements in a list","O(N) where N is the number of elements returned","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LPOP_History,LPOP_tips,lpopCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LPOP_Args},
    {"lpos","Return the index of matching elements on a list","O(N) where N is the number of elements in the list, for the average case. When searching for elements near the head or the tail of the list, or when the MAXLEN option is provided, the command may run in constant time.","6.0.6",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LPOS_History,LPOS_tips,lposCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LPOS_Args},
    {"lpush","Prepend one or multiple elements to a list","O(1) for each element added, so O(N) to add N elements when the command is called with multiple arguments.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LPUSH_History,LPUSH_tips,lpushCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LPUSH_Args},
    {"lpushx","Prepend an element to a list, only if the list exists","O(1) for each element added, so O(N) to add N elements when the command is called with multiple arguments.","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LPUSHX_History,LPUSHX_tips,lpushxCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LPUSHX_Args},
    {"lrange","Get a range of elements from a list","O(S+N) where S is the distance of start offset from HEAD for small lists, from nearest end (HEAD or TAIL) for large lists; and N is the number of elements in the specified range.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LRANGE_History,LRANGE_tips,lrangeCommand,4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LRANGE_Args},
    {"lrem","Remove elements from a list","O(N+M) where N is the length of the list and M is the number of elements removed.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LREM_History,LREM_tips,lremCommand,4,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LREM_Args},
    {"lset","Set the value of an element in a list by its index","O(N) where N is the length of the list. Setting either the first or the last element of the list is O(1).","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LSET_History,LSET_tips,lsetCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LSET_Args},
    {"ltrim","Trim a list to the specified range","O(N) where N is the number of elements to be removed by the operation.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,LTRIM_History,LTRIM_tips,ltrimCommand,4,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=LTRIM_Args},
    {"rpop","Remove and get the last elements in a list","O(N) where N is the number of elements returned","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,RPOP_History,RPOP_tips,rpopCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=RPOP_Args},
    {"rpoplpush","Remove the last element in a list, prepend it to another list and return it","O(1)","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`LMOVE` with the `RIGHT` and `LEFT` arguments","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,RPOPLPUSH_History,RPOPLPUSH_tips,rpoplpushCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=RPOPLPUSH_Args},
    {"rpush","Append one or multiple elements to a list","O(1) for each element added, so O(N) to add N elements when the command is called with multiple arguments.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,RPUSH_History,RPUSH_tips,rpushCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=RPUSH_Args},
    {"rpushx","Append an element to a list, only if the list exists","O(1) for each element added, so O(N) to add N elements when the command is called with multiple arguments.","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_LIST,RPUSHX_History,RPUSHX_tips,rpushxCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_LIST,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=RPUSHX_Args},
    /* pubsub */
    {"psubscribe","Listen for messages published to channels matching the given patterns","O(N) where N is the number of patterns the client is already subscribed to.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,PSUBSCRIBE_History,PSUBSCRIBE_tips,psubscribeCommand,-2,CMD_PUBSUB|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_SENTINEL,0,.args=PSUBSCRIBE_Args},
    {"publish","Post a message to a channel","O(N+M) where N is the number of clients subscribed to the receiving channel and M is the total number of subscribed patterns (by any client).","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,PUBLISH_History,PUBLISH_tips,publishCommand,3,CMD_PUBSUB|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_MAY_REPLICATE|CMD_SENTINEL,0,.args=PUBLISH_Args},
    {"pubsub","A container for Pub/Sub commands","Depends on subcommand.","2.8.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,PUBSUB_History,PUBSUB_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=PUBSUB_Subcommands},
    {"punsubscribe","Stop listening for messages posted to channels matching the given patterns","O(N+M) where N is the number of patterns the client is already subscribed and M is the number of total patterns subscribed in the system (by any client).","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,PUNSUBSCRIBE_History,PUNSUBSCRIBE_tips,punsubscribeCommand,-1,CMD_PUBSUB|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_SENTINEL,0,.args=PUNSUBSCRIBE_Args},
    {"spublish","Post a message to a shard channel","O(N) where N is the number of clients subscribed to the receiving shard channel.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,SPUBLISH_History,SPUBLISH_tips,spublishCommand,3,CMD_PUBSUB|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_MAY_REPLICATE,0,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_NOT_KEY,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SPUBLISH_Args},
    {"ssubscribe","Listen for messages published to the given shard channels","O(N) where N is the number of shard channels to subscribe to.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,SSUBSCRIBE_History,SSUBSCRIBE_tips,ssubscribeCommand,-2,CMD_PUBSUB|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE,0,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_NOT_KEY,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=SSUBSCRIBE_Args},
    {"subscribe","Listen for messages published to the given channels","O(N) where N is the number of channels to subscribe to.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,SUBSCRIBE_History,SUBSCRIBE_tips,subscribeCommand,-2,CMD_PUBSUB|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_SENTINEL,0,.args=SUBSCRIBE_Args},
    {"sunsubscribe","Stop listening for messages posted to the given shard channels","O(N) where N is the number of clients already subscribed to a shard channel.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,SUNSUBSCRIBE_History,SUNSUBSCRIBE_tips,sunsubscribeCommand,-1,CMD_PUBSUB|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE,0,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_NOT_KEY,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=SUNSUBSCRIBE_Args},
    {"unsubscribe","Stop listening for messages posted to the given channels","O(N) where N is the number of clients already subscribed to a channel.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_PUBSUB,UNSUBSCRIBE_History,UNSUBSCRIBE_tips,unsubscribeCommand,-1,CMD_PUBSUB|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_SENTINEL,0,.args=UNSUBSCRIBE_Args},
    /* scripting */
    {"eval","Execute a Lua script server side","Depends on the script that is executed.","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SCRIPTING,EVAL_History,EVAL_tips,evalCommand,-3,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_SKIP_MONITOR|CMD_MAY_REPLICATE|CMD_NO_MANDATORY_KEYS|CMD_STALE,ACL_CATEGORY_SCRIPTING,{{"We cannot tell how the keys will be used so we assume the worst, RW and UPDATE",CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},evalGetKeys,.args=EVAL_Args},
    {"evalsha","Execute a Lua script server side","Depends on the script that is executed.","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SCRIPTING,EVALSHA_History,EVALSHA_tips,evalShaCommand,-3,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_SKIP_MONITOR|CMD_MAY_REPLICATE|CMD_NO_MANDATORY_KEYS|CMD_STALE,ACL_CATEGORY_SCRIPTING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},evalGetKeys,.args=EVALSHA_Args},
    {"evalsha_ro","Execute a read-only Lua script server side","Depends on the script that is executed.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SCRIPTING,EVALSHA_RO_History,EVALSHA_RO_tips,evalShaRoCommand,-3,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_SKIP_MONITOR|CMD_NO_MANDATORY_KEYS|CMD_STALE|CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SCRIPTING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},evalGetKeys,.args=EVALSHA_RO_Args},
    {"eval_ro","Execute a read-only Lua script server side","Depends on the script that is executed.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SCRIPTING,EVAL_RO_History,EVAL_RO_tips,evalRoCommand,-3,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_SKIP_MONITOR|CMD_NO_MANDATORY_KEYS|CMD_STALE|CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SCRIPTING,{{"We cannot tell how the keys will be used so we assume the worst, RO and ACCESS",CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},evalGetKeys,.args=EVAL_RO_Args},
    {"fcall","Invoke a function","Depends on the function that is executed.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SCRIPTING,FCALL_History,FCALL_tips,fcallCommand,-3,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_SKIP_MONITOR|CMD_MAY_REPLICATE|CMD_NO_MANDATORY_KEYS|CMD_STALE,ACL_CATEGORY_SCRIPTING,{{"We cannot tell how the keys will be used so we assume the worst, RW and UPDATE",CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},functionGetKeys,.args=FCALL_Args},
    {"fcall_ro","Invoke a read-only function","Depends on the function that is executed.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SCRIPTING,FCALL_RO_History,FCALL_RO_tips,fcallroCommand,-3,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_SKIP_MONITOR|CMD_NO_MANDATORY_KEYS|CMD_STALE|CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SCRIPTING,{{"We cannot tell how the keys will be used so we assume the worst, RO and ACCESS",CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},functionGetKeys,.args=FCALL_RO_Args},
    {"function","A container for function commands","Depends on subcommand.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SCRIPTING,FUNCTION_History,FUNCTION_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=FUNCTION_Subcommands},
    {"script","A container for Lua scripts management commands","Depends on subcommand.","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SCRIPTING,SCRIPT_History,SCRIPT_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=SCRIPT_Subcommands},
    /* sentinel 哨兵 */
    {"sentinel","A container for Sentinel commands","Depends on subcommand.","2.8.4",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SENTINEL,SENTINEL_History,SENTINEL_tips,NULL,-2,CMD_ADMIN|CMD_SENTINEL|CMD_ONLY_SENTINEL,0,.subcommands=SENTINEL_Subcommands},
    /* server 服务 */
    {"acl","A container for Access List Control commands ","Depends on subcommand.","6.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,ACL_History,ACL_tips,NULL,-2,CMD_SENTINEL,0,.subcommands=ACL_Subcommands},
    {"bgrewriteaof","Asynchronously rewrite the append-only file","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,BGREWRITEAOF_History,BGREWRITEAOF_tips,bgrewriteaofCommand,1,CMD_NO_ASYNC_LOADING|CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT,0},
    {"bgsave","Asynchronously save the dataset to disk","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,BGSAVE_History,BGSAVE_tips,bgsaveCommand,-1,CMD_NO_ASYNC_LOADING|CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT,0,.args=BGSAVE_Args},
    {"command","Get array of Redis command details","O(N) where N is the total number of Redis commands","2.8.13",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,COMMAND_History,COMMAND_tips,commandCommand,-1,CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_SENTINEL,ACL_CATEGORY_CONNECTION,.subcommands=COMMAND_Subcommands},
    {"config","A container for server configuration commands","Depends on subcommand.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,CONFIG_History,CONFIG_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=CONFIG_Subcommands},
    {"dbsize","Return the number of keys in the selected database","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,DBSIZE_History,DBSIZE_tips,dbsizeCommand,1,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE},
    {"debug","A container for debugging commands","Depends on subcommand.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_SYSCMD,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,DEBUG_History,DEBUG_tips,debugCommand,-2,CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_PROTECTED,0},
    {"failover","Start a coordinated failover between this server and one of its replicas.","O(1)","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,FAILOVER_History,FAILOVER_tips,failoverCommand,-1,CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_STALE,0,.args=FAILOVER_Args},
    {"flushall","Remove all keys from all databases","O(N) where N is the total number of keys in all databases","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,FLUSHALL_History,FLUSHALL_tips,flushallCommand,-1,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,.args=FLUSHALL_Args},
    {"flushdb","Remove all keys from the current database","O(N) where N is the number of keys in the selected database","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,FLUSHDB_History,FLUSHDB_tips,flushdbCommand,-1,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,.args=FLUSHDB_Args},
    {"info","Get information and statistics about the server","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,INFO_History,INFO_tips,infoCommand,-1,CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_SENTINEL,ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,.args=INFO_Args},
    {"lastsave","Get the UNIX time stamp of the last successful save to disk","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,LASTSAVE_History,LASTSAVE_tips,lastsaveCommand,1,CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_ADMIN|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS},
    {"latency","A container for latency diagnostics commands","Depends on subcommand.","2.8.13",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,LATENCY_History,LATENCY_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=LATENCY_Subcommands},
    {"lolwut","Display some computer art and the Redis version",NULL,"5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,LOLWUT_History,LOLWUT_tips,lolwutCommand,-1,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,0,.args=LOLWUT_Args},
    {"memory","A container for memory diagnostics commands","Depends on subcommand.","4.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,MEMORY_History,MEMORY_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=MEMORY_Subcommands},
    {"module","A container for module commands","Depends on subcommand.","4.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,MODULE_History,MODULE_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=MODULE_Subcommands},
    {"monitor","Listen for all requests received by the server in real time",NULL,"1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,MONITOR_History,MONITOR_tips,monitorCommand,1,CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE,0},
    {"psync","Internal command used for replication",NULL,"2.8.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,PSYNC_History,PSYNC_tips,syncCommand,-3,CMD_NO_ASYNC_LOADING|CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NO_MULTI|CMD_NOSCRIPT,0,.args=PSYNC_Args},
    {"replconf","An internal command for configuring the replication stream","O(1)","3.0.0",CMD_DOC_SYSCMD,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,REPLCONF_History,REPLCONF_tips,replconfCommand,-1,CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,0},
    {"replicaof","Make the server a replica of another instance, or promote it as master.","O(1)","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,REPLICAOF_History,REPLICAOF_tips,replicaofCommand,3,CMD_NO_ASYNC_LOADING|CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_STALE,0,.args=REPLICAOF_Args},
    {"restore-asking","An internal command for migrating keys in a cluster","O(1) to create the new key and additional O(N*M) to reconstruct the serialized value, where N is the number of Redis objects composing the value and M their average size. For small string values the time complexity is thus O(1)+O(1*M) where M is small, so simply O(1). However for sorted set values the complexity is O(N*M*log(N)) because inserting values into sorted sets is O(log(N)).","3.0.0",CMD_DOC_SYSCMD,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,RESTORE_ASKING_History,RESTORE_ASKING_tips,restoreCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_ASKING,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=RESTORE_ASKING_Args},
    {"role","Return the role of the instance in the context of replication","O(1)","2.8.12",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,ROLE_History,ROLE_tips,roleCommand,1,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_SENTINEL,ACL_CATEGORY_ADMIN|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS},
    {"save","Synchronously save the dataset to disk","O(N) where N is the total number of keys in all databases","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,SAVE_History,SAVE_tips,saveCommand,1,CMD_NO_ASYNC_LOADING|CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_NO_MULTI,0},
    {"shutdown","Synchronously save the dataset to disk and then shut down the server","O(N) when saving, where N is the total number of keys in all databases when saving data, otherwise O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,SHUTDOWN_History,SHUTDOWN_tips,shutdownCommand,-1,CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_NO_MULTI|CMD_SENTINEL|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,0,.args=SHUTDOWN_Args},
    {"slaveof","Make the server a replica of another instance, or promote it as master.","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`REPLICAOF`","5.0.0",COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,SLAVEOF_History,SLAVEOF_tips,replicaofCommand,3,CMD_NO_ASYNC_LOADING|CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_STALE,0,.args=SLAVEOF_Args},
    {"slowlog","A container for slow log commands","Depends on subcommand.","2.2.12",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,SLOWLOG_History,SLOWLOG_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=SLOWLOG_Subcommands},
    {"swapdb","Swaps two Redis databases","O(N) where N is the count of clients watching or blocking on keys from both databases.","4.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,SWAPDB_History,SWAPDB_tips,swapdbCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_KEYSPACE|ACL_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS,.args=SWAPDB_Args},
    {"sync","Internal command used for replication",NULL,"1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,SYNC_History,SYNC_tips,syncCommand,1,CMD_NO_ASYNC_LOADING|CMD_ADMIN|CMD_NO_MULTI|CMD_NOSCRIPT,0},
    {"time","Return the current server time","O(1)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SERVER,TIME_History,TIME_tips,timeCommand,1,CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST,0},
    /* set */
    {"sadd","Add one or more members to a set","O(1) for each element added, so O(N) to add N elements when the command is called with multiple arguments.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SADD_History,SADD_tips,saddCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SADD_Args},
    {"scard","Get the number of members in a set","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SCARD_History,SCARD_tips,scardCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SCARD_Args},
    {"sdiff","Subtract multiple sets","O(N) where N is the total number of elements in all given sets.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SDIFF_History,SDIFF_tips,sdiffCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=SDIFF_Args},
    {"sdiffstore","Subtract multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key","O(N) where N is the total number of elements in all given sets.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SDIFFSTORE_History,SDIFFSTORE_tips,sdiffstoreCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=SDIFFSTORE_Args},
    {"sinter","Intersect multiple sets","O(N*M) worst case where N is the cardinality of the smallest set and M is the number of sets.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SINTER_History,SINTER_tips,sinterCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=SINTER_Args},
    {"sintercard","Intersect multiple sets and return the cardinality of the result","O(N*M) worst case where N is the cardinality of the smallest set and M is the number of sets.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SINTERCARD_History,SINTERCARD_tips,sinterCardCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},sintercardGetKeys,.args=SINTERCARD_Args},
    {"sinterstore","Intersect multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key","O(N*M) worst case where N is the cardinality of the smallest set and M is the number of sets.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SINTERSTORE_History,SINTERSTORE_tips,sinterstoreCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=SINTERSTORE_Args},
    {"sismember","Determine if a given value is a member of a set","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SISMEMBER_History,SISMEMBER_tips,sismemberCommand,3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SISMEMBER_Args},
    {"smembers","Get all the members in a set","O(N) where N is the set cardinality.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SMEMBERS_History,SMEMBERS_tips,sinterCommand,2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SMEMBERS_Args},
    {"smismember","Returns the membership associated with the given elements for a set","O(N) where N is the number of elements being checked for membership","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SMISMEMBER_History,SMISMEMBER_tips,smismemberCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SMISMEMBER_Args},
    {"smove","Move a member from one set to another","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SMOVE_History,SMOVE_tips,smoveCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SMOVE_Args},
    {"spop","Remove and return one or multiple random members from a set","Without the count argument O(1), otherwise O(N) where N is the value of the passed count.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SPOP_History,SPOP_tips,spopCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SPOP_Args},
    {"srandmember","Get one or multiple random members from a set","Without the count argument O(1), otherwise O(N) where N is the absolute value of the passed count.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SRANDMEMBER_History,SRANDMEMBER_tips,srandmemberCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SRANDMEMBER_Args},
    {"srem","Remove one or more members from a set","O(N) where N is the number of members to be removed.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SREM_History,SREM_tips,sremCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SREM_Args},
    {"sscan","Incrementally iterate Set elements","O(1) for every call. O(N) for a complete iteration, including enough command calls for the cursor to return back to 0. N is the number of elements inside the collection..","2.8.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SSCAN_History,SSCAN_tips,sscanCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SSCAN_Args},
    {"sunion","Add multiple sets","O(N) where N is the total number of elements in all given sets.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SUNION_History,SUNION_tips,sunionCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=SUNION_Args},
    {"sunionstore","Add multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key","O(N) where N is the total number of elements in all given sets.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SET,SUNIONSTORE_History,SUNIONSTORE_tips,sunionstoreCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_SET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=SUNIONSTORE_Args},
    /* sorted_set */
    {"bzmpop","Remove and return members with scores in a sorted set or block until one is available","O(K) + O(M*log(N)) where K is the number of provided keys, N being the number of elements in the sorted set, and M being the number of elements popped.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,BZMPOP_History,BZMPOP_tips,bzmpopCommand,-5,CMD_WRITE|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},blmpopGetKeys,.args=BZMPOP_Args},
    {"bzpopmax","Remove and return the member with the highest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available","O(log(N)) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,BZPOPMAX_History,BZPOPMAX_tips,bzpopmaxCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_FAST|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-2,1,0}}},.args=BZPOPMAX_Args},
    {"bzpopmin","Remove and return the member with the lowest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available","O(log(N)) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,BZPOPMIN_History,BZPOPMIN_tips,bzpopminCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_FAST|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-2,1,0}}},.args=BZPOPMIN_Args},
    {"zadd","Add one or more members to a sorted set, or update its score if it already exists","O(log(N)) for each item added, where N is the number of elements in the sorted set.","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZADD_History,ZADD_tips,zaddCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZADD_Args},
    {"zcard","Get the number of members in a sorted set","O(1)","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZCARD_History,ZCARD_tips,zcardCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZCARD_Args},
    {"zcount","Count the members in a sorted set with scores within the given values","O(log(N)) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZCOUNT_History,ZCOUNT_tips,zcountCommand,4,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZCOUNT_Args},
    {"zdiff","Subtract multiple sorted sets","O(L + (N-K)log(N)) worst case where L is the total number of elements in all the sets, N is the size of the first set, and K is the size of the result set.","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZDIFF_History,ZDIFF_tips,zdiffCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},zunionInterDiffGetKeys,.args=ZDIFF_Args},
    {"zdiffstore","Subtract multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key","O(L + (N-K)log(N)) worst case where L is the total number of elements in all the sets, N is the size of the first set, and K is the size of the result set.","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZDIFFSTORE_History,ZDIFFSTORE_tips,zdiffstoreCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},zunionInterDiffStoreGetKeys,.args=ZDIFFSTORE_Args},
    {"zincrby","Increment the score of a member in a sorted set","O(log(N)) where N is the number of elements in the sorted set.","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZINCRBY_History,ZINCRBY_tips,zincrbyCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZINCRBY_Args},
    {"zinter","Intersect multiple sorted sets","O(N*K)+O(M*log(M)) worst case with N being the smallest input sorted set, K being the number of input sorted sets and M being the number of elements in the resulting sorted set.","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZINTER_History,ZINTER_tips,zinterCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},zunionInterDiffGetKeys,.args=ZINTER_Args},
    {"zintercard","Intersect multiple sorted sets and return the cardinality of the result","O(N*K) worst case with N being the smallest input sorted set, K being the number of input sorted sets.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZINTERCARD_History,ZINTERCARD_tips,zinterCardCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},zunionInterDiffGetKeys,.args=ZINTERCARD_Args},
    {"zinterstore","Intersect multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key","O(N*K)+O(M*log(M)) worst case with N being the smallest input sorted set, K being the number of input sorted sets and M being the number of elements in the resulting sorted set.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZINTERSTORE_History,ZINTERSTORE_tips,zinterstoreCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},zunionInterDiffStoreGetKeys,.args=ZINTERSTORE_Args},
    {"zlexcount","Count the number of members in a sorted set between a given lexicographical range","O(log(N)) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set.","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZLEXCOUNT_History,ZLEXCOUNT_tips,zlexcountCommand,4,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZLEXCOUNT_Args},
    {"zmpop","Remove and return members with scores in a sorted set","O(K) + O(M*log(N)) where K is the number of provided keys, N being the number of elements in the sorted set, and M being the number of elements popped.","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZMPOP_History,ZMPOP_tips,zmpopCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},zmpopGetKeys,.args=ZMPOP_Args},
    {"zmscore","Get the score associated with the given members in a sorted set","O(N) where N is the number of members being requested.","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZMSCORE_History,ZMSCORE_tips,zmscoreCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZMSCORE_Args},
    {"zpopmax","Remove and return members with the highest scores in a sorted set","O(log(N)*M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set, and M being the number of elements popped.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZPOPMAX_History,ZPOPMAX_tips,zpopmaxCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZPOPMAX_Args},
    {"zpopmin","Remove and return members with the lowest scores in a sorted set","O(log(N)*M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set, and M being the number of elements popped.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZPOPMIN_History,ZPOPMIN_tips,zpopminCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZPOPMIN_Args},
    {"zrandmember","Get one or multiple random elements from a sorted set","O(N) where N is the number of elements returned","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZRANDMEMBER_History,ZRANDMEMBER_tips,zrandmemberCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZRANDMEMBER_Args},
    {"zrange","Return a range of members in a sorted set","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements returned.","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZRANGE_History,ZRANGE_tips,zrangeCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZRANGE_Args},
    {"zrangebylex","Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements being returned. If M is constant (e.g. always asking for the first 10 elements with LIMIT), you can consider it O(log(N)).","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`ZRANGE` with the `BYLEX` argument","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZRANGEBYLEX_History,ZRANGEBYLEX_tips,zrangebylexCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZRANGEBYLEX_Args},
    {"zrangebyscore","Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements being returned. If M is constant (e.g. always asking for the first 10 elements with LIMIT), you can consider it O(log(N)).","1.0.5",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`ZRANGE` with the `BYSCORE` argument","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZRANGEBYSCORE_History,ZRANGEBYSCORE_tips,zrangebyscoreCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZRANGEBYSCORE_Args},
    {"zrangestore","Store a range of members from sorted set into another key","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements stored into the destination key.","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZRANGESTORE_History,ZRANGESTORE_tips,zrangestoreCommand,-5,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZRANGESTORE_Args},
    {"zrank","Determine the index of a member in a sorted set","O(log(N))","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZRANK_History,ZRANK_tips,zrankCommand,3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZRANK_Args},
    {"zrem","Remove one or more members from a sorted set","O(M*log(N)) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements to be removed.","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZREM_History,ZREM_tips,zremCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZREM_Args},
    {"zremrangebylex","Remove all members in a sorted set between the given lexicographical range","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements removed by the operation.","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZREMRANGEBYLEX_History,ZREMRANGEBYLEX_tips,zremrangebylexCommand,4,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZREMRANGEBYLEX_Args},
    {"zremrangebyrank","Remove all members in a sorted set within the given indexes","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements removed by the operation.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZREMRANGEBYRANK_History,ZREMRANGEBYRANK_tips,zremrangebyrankCommand,4,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZREMRANGEBYRANK_Args},
    {"zremrangebyscore","Remove all members in a sorted set within the given scores","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements removed by the operation.","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZREMRANGEBYSCORE_History,ZREMRANGEBYSCORE_tips,zremrangebyscoreCommand,4,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZREMRANGEBYSCORE_Args},
    {"zrevrange","Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index, with scores ordered from high to low","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements returned.","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`ZRANGE` with the `REV` argument","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZREVRANGE_History,ZREVRANGE_tips,zrevrangeCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZREVRANGE_Args},
    {"zrevrangebylex","Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range, ordered from higher to lower strings.","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements being returned. If M is constant (e.g. always asking for the first 10 elements with LIMIT), you can consider it O(log(N)).","2.8.9",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`ZRANGE` with the `REV` and `BYLEX` arguments","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZREVRANGEBYLEX_History,ZREVRANGEBYLEX_tips,zrevrangebylexCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZREVRANGEBYLEX_Args},
    {"zrevrangebyscore","Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score, with scores ordered from high to low","O(log(N)+M) with N being the number of elements in the sorted set and M the number of elements being returned. If M is constant (e.g. always asking for the first 10 elements with LIMIT), you can consider it O(log(N)).","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`ZRANGE` with the `REV` and `BYSCORE` arguments","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZREVRANGEBYSCORE_History,ZREVRANGEBYSCORE_tips,zrevrangebyscoreCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZREVRANGEBYSCORE_Args},
    {"zrevrank","Determine the index of a member in a sorted set, with scores ordered from high to low","O(log(N))","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZREVRANK_History,ZREVRANK_tips,zrevrankCommand,3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZREVRANK_Args},
    {"zscan","Incrementally iterate sorted sets elements and associated scores","O(1) for every call. O(N) for a complete iteration, including enough command calls for the cursor to return back to 0. N is the number of elements inside the collection..","2.8.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZSCAN_History,ZSCAN_tips,zscanCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZSCAN_Args},
    {"zscore","Get the score associated with the given member in a sorted set","O(1)","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZSCORE_History,ZSCORE_tips,zscoreCommand,3,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=ZSCORE_Args},
    {"zunion","Add multiple sorted sets","O(N)+O(M*log(M)) with N being the sum of the sizes of the input sorted sets, and M being the number of elements in the resulting sorted set.","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZUNION_History,ZUNION_tips,zunionCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},zunionInterDiffGetKeys,.args=ZUNION_Args},
    {"zunionstore","Add multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key","O(N)+O(M log(M)) with N being the sum of the sizes of the input sorted sets, and M being the number of elements in the resulting sorted set.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_SORTED_SET,ZUNIONSTORE_History,ZUNIONSTORE_tips,zunionstoreCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_SORTEDSET,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}},{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={2},KSPEC_FK_KEYNUM,.fk.keynum={0,1,1}}},zunionInterDiffStoreGetKeys,.args=ZUNIONSTORE_Args},
    /* stream */
    {"xack","Marks a pending message as correctly processed, effectively removing it from the pending entries list of the consumer group. Return value of the command is the number of messages successfully acknowledged, that is, the IDs we were actually able to resolve in the PEL.","O(1) for each message ID processed.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XACK_History,XACK_tips,xackCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XACK_Args},
    {"xadd","Appends a new entry to a stream","O(1) when adding a new entry, O(N) when trimming where N being the number of entries evicted.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XADD_History,XADD_tips,xaddCommand,-5,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{"UPDATE instead of INSERT because of the optional trimming feature",CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XADD_Args},
    {"xautoclaim","Changes (or acquires) ownership of messages in a consumer group, as if the messages were delivered to the specified consumer.","O(1) if COUNT is small.","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XAUTOCLAIM_History,XAUTOCLAIM_tips,xautoclaimCommand,-6,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XAUTOCLAIM_Args},
    {"xclaim","Changes (or acquires) ownership of a message in a consumer group, as if the message was delivered to the specified consumer.","O(log N) with N being the number of messages in the PEL of the consumer group.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XCLAIM_History,XCLAIM_tips,xclaimCommand,-6,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XCLAIM_Args},
    {"xdel","Removes the specified entries from the stream. Returns the number of items actually deleted, that may be different from the number of IDs passed in case certain IDs do not exist.","O(1) for each single item to delete in the stream, regardless of the stream size.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XDEL_History,XDEL_tips,xdelCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XDEL_Args},
    {"xgroup","A container for consumer groups commands","Depends on subcommand.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XGROUP_History,XGROUP_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=XGROUP_Subcommands},
    {"xinfo","A container for stream introspection commands","Depends on subcommand.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XINFO_History,XINFO_tips,NULL,-2,0,0,.subcommands=XINFO_Subcommands},
    {"xlen","Return the number of entries in a stream","O(1)","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XLEN_History,XLEN_tips,xlenCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XLEN_Args},
    {"xpending","Return information and entries from a stream consumer group pending entries list, that are messages fetched but never acknowledged.","O(N) with N being the number of elements returned, so asking for a small fixed number of entries per call is O(1). O(M), where M is the total number of entries scanned when used with the IDLE filter. When the command returns just the summary and the list of consumers is small, it runs in O(1) time; otherwise, an additional O(N) time for iterating every consumer.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XPENDING_History,XPENDING_tips,xpendingCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XPENDING_Args},
    {"xrange","Return a range of elements in a stream, with IDs matching the specified IDs interval","O(N) with N being the number of elements being returned. If N is constant (e.g. always asking for the first 10 elements with COUNT), you can consider it O(1).","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XRANGE_History,XRANGE_tips,xrangeCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XRANGE_Args},
    {"xread","Return never seen elements in multiple streams, with IDs greater than the ones reported by the caller for each stream. Can block.","For each stream mentioned: O(N) with N being the number of elements being returned, it means that XREAD-ing with a fixed COUNT is O(1). Note that when the BLOCK option is used, XADD will pay O(M) time in order to serve the M clients blocked on the stream getting new data.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XREAD_History,XREAD_tips,xreadCommand,-4,CMD_BLOCKING|CMD_READONLY|CMD_BLOCKING,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_KEYWORD,.bs.keyword={"STREAMS",1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,2}}},xreadGetKeys,.args=XREAD_Args},
    {"xreadgroup","Return new entries from a stream using a consumer group, or access the history of the pending entries for a given consumer. Can block.","For each stream mentioned: O(M) with M being the number of elements returned. If M is constant (e.g. always asking for the first 10 elements with COUNT), you can consider it O(1). On the other side when XREADGROUP blocks, XADD will pay the O(N) time in order to serve the N clients blocked on the stream getting new data.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XREADGROUP_History,XREADGROUP_tips,xreadCommand,-7,CMD_BLOCKING|CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_KEYWORD,.bs.keyword={"STREAMS",4},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,2}}},xreadGetKeys,.args=XREADGROUP_Args},
    {"xrevrange","Return a range of elements in a stream, with IDs matching the specified IDs interval, in reverse order (from greater to smaller IDs) compared to XRANGE","O(N) with N being the number of elements returned. If N is constant (e.g. always asking for the first 10 elements with COUNT), you can consider it O(1).","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XREVRANGE_History,XREVRANGE_tips,xrevrangeCommand,-4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XREVRANGE_Args},
    {"xsetid","An internal command for replicating stream values","O(1)","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XSETID_History,XSETID_tips,xsetidCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XSETID_Args},
    {"xtrim","Trims the stream to (approximately if '~' is passed) a certain size","O(N), with N being the number of evicted entries. Constant times are very small however, since entries are organized in macro nodes containing multiple entries that can be released with a single deallocation.","5.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STREAM,XTRIM_History,XTRIM_tips,xtrimCommand,-4,CMD_WRITE,ACL_CATEGORY_STREAM,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=XTRIM_Args},
    /* string */
    {"append","Append a value to a key","O(1). The amortized time complexity is O(1) assuming the appended value is small and the already present value is of any size, since the dynamic string library used by Redis will double the free space available on every reallocation.","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,APPEND_History,APPEND_tips,appendCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=APPEND_Args},
    {"decr","Decrement the integer value of a key by one","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,DECR_History,DECR_tips,decrCommand,2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=DECR_Args},
    {"decrby","Decrement the integer value of a key by the given number","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,DECRBY_History,DECRBY_tips,decrbyCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=DECRBY_Args},
    {"get","Get the value of a key","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,GET_History,GET_tips,getCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GET_Args},
    {"getdel","Get the value of a key and delete the key","O(1)","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,GETDEL_History,GETDEL_tips,getdelCommand,2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_DELETE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GETDEL_Args},
    {"getex","Get the value of a key and optionally set its expiration","O(1)","6.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,GETEX_History,GETEX_tips,getexCommand,-2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{"RW and UPDATE because it changes the TTL",CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GETEX_Args},
    {"getrange","Get a substring of the string stored at a key","O(N) where N is the length of the returned string. The complexity is ultimately determined by the returned length, but because creating a substring from an existing string is very cheap, it can be considered O(1) for small strings.","2.4.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,GETRANGE_History,GETRANGE_tips,getrangeCommand,4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GETRANGE_Args},
    {"getset","Set the string value of a key and return its old value","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`SET` with the `!GET` argument","6.2.0",COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,GETSET_History,GETSET_tips,getsetCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=GETSET_Args},
    {"incr","Increment the integer value of a key by one","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,INCR_History,INCR_tips,incrCommand,2,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=INCR_Args},
    {"incrby","Increment the integer value of a key by the given amount","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,INCRBY_History,INCRBY_tips,incrbyCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=INCRBY_Args},
    {"incrbyfloat","Increment the float value of a key by the given amount","O(1)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,INCRBYFLOAT_History,INCRBYFLOAT_tips,incrbyfloatCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=INCRBYFLOAT_Args},
    {"lcs","Find longest common substring","O(N*M) where N and M are the lengths of s1 and s2, respectively","7.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,LCS_History,LCS_tips,lcsCommand,-3,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={1,1,0}}},.args=LCS_Args},
    {"mget","Get the values of all the given keys","O(N) where N is the number of keys to retrieve.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,MGET_History,MGET_tips,mgetCommand,-2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=MGET_Args},
    {"mset","Set multiple keys to multiple values","O(N) where N is the number of keys to set.","1.0.1",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,MSET_History,MSET_tips,msetCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,2,0}}},.args=MSET_Args},
    {"msetnx","Set multiple keys to multiple values, only if none of the keys exist","O(N) where N is the number of keys to set.","1.0.1",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,MSETNX_History,MSETNX_tips,msetnxCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,2,0}}},.args=MSETNX_Args},
    {"psetex","Set the value and expiration in milliseconds of a key","O(1)","2.6.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,PSETEX_History,PSETEX_tips,psetexCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=PSETEX_Args},
    {"set","Set the string value of a key","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,SET_History,SET_tips,setCommand,-3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{"RW and ACCESS due to the optional `GET` argument",CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_ACCESS|CMD_KEY_UPDATE|CMD_KEY_VARIABLE_FLAGS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},setGetKeys,.args=SET_Args},
    {"setex","Set the value and expiration of a key","O(1)","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,SETEX_History,SETEX_tips,setexCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SETEX_Args},
    {"setnx","Set the value of a key, only if the key does not exist","O(1)","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,SETNX_History,SETNX_tips,setnxCommand,3,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_OW|CMD_KEY_INSERT,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SETNX_Args},
    {"setrange","Overwrite part of a string at key starting at the specified offset","O(1), not counting the time taken to copy the new string in place. Usually, this string is very small so the amortized complexity is O(1). Otherwise, complexity is O(M) with M being the length of the value argument.","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,SETRANGE_History,SETRANGE_tips,setrangeCommand,4,CMD_WRITE|CMD_DENYOOM,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RW|CMD_KEY_UPDATE,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SETRANGE_Args},
    {"strlen","Get the length of the value stored in a key","O(1)","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,STRLEN_History,STRLEN_tips,strlenCommand,2,CMD_READONLY|CMD_FAST,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=STRLEN_Args},
    {"substr","Get a substring of the string stored at a key","O(N) where N is the length of the returned string. The complexity is ultimately determined by the returned length, but because creating a substring from an existing string is very cheap, it can be considered O(1) for small strings.","1.0.0",CMD_DOC_DEPRECATED,"`GETRANGE`","2.0.0",COMMAND_GROUP_STRING,SUBSTR_History,SUBSTR_tips,getrangeCommand,4,CMD_READONLY,ACL_CATEGORY_STRING,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO|CMD_KEY_ACCESS,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={0,1,0}}},.args=SUBSTR_Args},
    /* transactions */
    {"discard","Discard all commands issued after MULTI","O(N), when N is the number of queued commands","2.0.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_TRANSACTIONS,DISCARD_History,DISCARD_tips,discardCommand,1,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,ACL_CATEGORY_TRANSACTION},
    {"exec","Execute all commands issued after MULTI","Depends on commands in the transaction","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_TRANSACTIONS,EXEC_History,EXEC_tips,execCommand,1,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_SKIP_SLOWLOG,ACL_CATEGORY_TRANSACTION},
    {"multi","Mark the start of a transaction block","O(1)","1.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_TRANSACTIONS,MULTI_History,MULTI_tips,multiCommand,1,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,ACL_CATEGORY_TRANSACTION},
    {"unwatch","Forget about all watched keys","O(1)","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_TRANSACTIONS,UNWATCH_History,UNWATCH_tips,unwatchCommand,1,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,ACL_CATEGORY_TRANSACTION},
    {"watch","Watch the given keys to determine execution of the MULTI/EXEC block","O(1) for every key.","2.2.0",CMD_DOC_NONE,NULL,NULL,COMMAND_GROUP_TRANSACTIONS,WATCH_History,WATCH_tips,watchCommand,-2,CMD_NOSCRIPT|CMD_LOADING|CMD_STALE|CMD_FAST|CMD_ALLOW_BUSY,ACL_CATEGORY_TRANSACTION,{{NULL,CMD_KEY_RO,KSPEC_BS_INDEX,.bs.index={1},KSPEC_FK_RANGE,.fk.range={-1,1,0}}},.args=WATCH_Args},
    {0}
};

从 redisCommandTable 可以看到 240 个命令的名称、描述、时间复杂度、出现在哪个版本号、执行该指令的函数句柄、指令支持的参数等信息，非常全面。

想到一句话：官方文档是最好的书籍，源码里包含所有问题

总结

本文通过讲解 redisServer、redisDB与数据字典dict之间的联系，同时通过追溯Set指令的执行过程，可以对其底层原理有更深的认知。
曾经有一位技术大咖说过：若想学习一个好的开源项目，那么首推Redis，无论从代码功能、变量声明，甚至从注释来看都无可挑剔。